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In order to estimate the population mean in the presence of both non-response and measurement errors that are uncorrelated, the paper presents some novel estimators employing ranked set sampling by utilizing auxiliary information.Up to the…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-11-06 Rajesh Singh , Anamika Kumari

Social contexts -- such as families, schools, and neighborhoods -- shape life outcomes. The key question is not simply whether they matter, but rather for whom and under what conditions. Here, we argue that prediction gaps -- differences in…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Javier Garcia-Bernardo , Eva Jaspers , Weverthon Machado , Samuel Plach , Erik Jan van Leeuwen

Prediction-Powered Inference (PPI) is a popular strategy for combining gold-standard and possibly noisy pseudo-labels to perform statistical estimation. Prior work has shown an asymptotic "free lunch" for PPI++, an adaptive form of PPI,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-05-27 Pranav Mani , Peng Xu , Zachary C. Lipton , Michael Oberst

Many political surveys rely on post-stratification, raking, or related weighting adjustments to align respondents with the target population. But when respondents differ from nonrespondents on the outcome itself (nonignorable nonresponse),…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-26 Lukáš Lafférs , Jozef Michal Mintal , Ivan Sutóris

In data analysis, unexpected results often prompt researchers to revisit their procedures to identify potential issues. While some researchers may struggle to identify the root causes, experienced researchers can often quickly diagnose…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-06 H. Sherry Zhang , Roger D. Peng

Standard Bayesian inference is known to be sensitive to model misspecification, leading to unreliable uncertainty quantification and poor predictive performance. However, finding generally applicable and computationally feasible methods for…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-07-31 Jonathan H. Huggins , Jeffrey W. Miller

A great deal of effort has been devoted to reducing the risk of spurious scientific discoveries, from the use of sophisticated validation techniques, to deep statistical methods for controlling the false discovery rate in multiple…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-03-03 Cynthia Dwork , Vitaly Feldman , Moritz Hardt , Toniann Pitassi , Omer Reingold , Aaron Roth

Inferring information from a set of acquired data is the main objective of any signal processing (SP) method. In particular, the common problem of estimating the value of a vector of parameters from a set of noisy measurements is at the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2017-09-26 S. Fortunati , F. Gini , M. S. Greco , C. D. Richmond

We address an ambiguity in identification strategies using difference-in-differences, which are widely applied in empirical research, particularly in economics. The assumption commonly referred to as the "no-anticipation assumption" states…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-23 Marco Piccininni , Eric J. Tchetgen Tchetgen , Mats J. Stensrud

Due to their great flexibility, nonparametric Bayes methods have proven to be a valuable tool for discovering complicated patterns in data. The term "nonparametric Bayes" suggests that these methods inherit model-free operating…

Methodology · Statistics 2013-04-15 Peter D. Hoff

Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are increasingly used to generate data for downstream analyses, yet naively treating these predictions as true observations can lead to biased results and incorrect inference. Wang et…

Consider a researcher estimating the parameters of a regression function based on data for all 50 states in the United States or on data for all visits to a website. What is the interpretation of the estimated parameters and the standard…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-06-25 Alberto Abadie , Susan Athey , Guido W. Imbens , Jeffrey M. Wooldridge

This article addresses issues of model criticism and model comparison in Bayesian contexts, and focusses on the use of the so-called posterior predictive p-values (ppp values). These involve a general discrepancy or conflict measure and…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-26 Nils Lid Hjort , Fredrik A. Dahl , Gunnhildur Högnadóttir Steinbakk

The behaviors of various confidence/credible interval constructions are explored, particularly in the region of low statistics where methods diverge most. We highlight a number of challenges, such as the treatment of nuisance parameters,…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2015-02-04 Steven D. Biller , Scott M. Oser

Predicting the economy's short-term dynamics -- a vital input to economic agents' decision-making process -- often uses lagged indicators in linear models. This is typically sufficient during normal times but could prove inadequate during…

General Economics · Economics 2024-05-21 James T. E. Chapman , Ajit Desai

We study the interplay of information and prior (mis)perceptions in a Phelps-Aigner-Cain-type model of statistical discrimination in the labor market. We decompose the effect on average pay of an increase in how informative observables are…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-01-23 Matteo Escudé , Paula Onuchic , Ludvig Sinander , Quitzé Valenzuela-Stookey

In paired randomized experiments individuals in a given matched pair may differ on prognostically important covariates despite the best efforts of practitioners. We examine the use of regression adjustment as a way to correct for persistent…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-11-27 Colin B. Fogarty

The remarkable generalization performance of large-scale models has been challenging the conventional wisdom of the statistical learning theory. Although recent theoretical studies have shed light on this behavior in linear models and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-06-18 Tomoya Wakayama

Bayesian nonparametric methods are a popular choice for analysing survival data due to their ability to flexibly model the distribution of survival times. These methods typically employ a nonparametric prior on the survival function that is…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-02-22 Edwin Fong , Brieuc Lehmann

Predictive models are often introduced to decision-making tasks under the rationale that they improve performance over an existing decision-making policy. However, it is challenging to compare predictive performance against an existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Luke Guerdan , Amanda Coston , Kenneth Holstein , Zhiwei Steven Wu