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The generation of microbubbles upon the collision and interaction of liquid bodies in a gaseous environment is a ubiquitous process in two-phase flows, including large-scale phenomena like ship wakes, breaking waves and rain showers. These…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2018-11-30 Wai Hong Ronald Chan , Javier Urzay , Parviz Moin

In liquid spray applications, the sprays are often created by the formation and destabilization of a liquid sheet or jet. The disadvantage of such atomization processes is that the breakup is often highly irregular, causing a broad…

A drop impacting a solid surface with sufficient velocity will emit many small droplets creating a splash. However, splashing is completely suppressed if the surrounding gas pressure is lowered. The mechanism by which the gas affects…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2015-05-30 Michelle M. Driscoll , Sidney R. Nagel

The size of drops generated by the capillary-driven disintegration of liquid ligaments plays a fundamental role in several important natural phenomena, ranging from heat and mass transfer at the ocean-atmosphere interface to pathogen…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2024-10-02 Sagar Pal , Cesar Pairetti , Marco Crialesi-Esposito , Daniel Fuster , Stéphane Zaleski

The impact of a drop onto a liquid layer and the subsequent splash has important implications for diverse physical processes such as air-sea gas transfer, cooling, and combustion. In the {\it crown splash} parameter regime, the splash…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2008-12-03 Robert D. Deegan , Philippe Brunet , Jens Eggers

Drop impact events on wet granular bed show rich variety by changing the substrate composition. We observe the drop impact onto dry/wet granular substrates with different grain size (50-400 {\mu}m) and water content (0-22 vol %). Although…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2024-08-12 Wei Zhang , Hiroaki Katsuragi , Ken Yamamoto

The collision of a spherical grain with a granular bed is commonly parametrized by the splash function, which provides the velocity of the rebounding grain and the velocity distribution and number of ejected grains. Starting from elementary…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2017-05-30 Marc Lämmel , Kamil Dzikowski , Luc Oger , Alexandre Valance , Klaus Kroy

Impacts of drops on liquids are ubiquitous in nature and in a range of applications in healthcare, agriculture and industry. They can lead to splash and generation of secondary droplets important for a range of coating, dispersal or…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2020-12-07 Raj Dandekar

We investigate the interplay between substrate roughness and surrounding gas pressure in controlling the dynamics of splashing when a liquid drop hits a dry solid surface. We associate two distinct forms of splashing with each of these…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2009-09-29 Lei Xu , Loreto Barcos , Sidney R. Nagel

A rectangular grid formed by liquid filaments on a partially wetting substrate evolves in a series of breakups leading to arrays of drops with different shapes distributed in a rather regular bidimensional pattern. Our study is focused on…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2017-10-25 Ingrith Cuellar , Pablo D. Ravazzoli , Javier A. Diez , Alejandro G. González

Experiments of water droplets impacting small geometric posts of equal dimension to the drop diameter are shown in this fluid dynamics video. High speed photography shows that the dynamics of drop splashing are significantly affected by the…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2010-10-15 G. Juarez , Y. Zhang , T. Gastopoulos , P. E. Arratia

In this work we study the generation of water waves by an underwater sliding mass. The wave dynamics are assumed to fell into the shallow water regime. However, the characteristic wavelength of the free surface motion is generally smaller…

Geophysics · Physics 2020-02-20 Denys Dutykh , Dimitrios Mitsotakis , Sonya Beysel , Nina Shokina

At atmospheric pressure, a drop of ethanol impacting on a solid surface produces a splash. Reducing the ambient pressure below its atmospheric value suppresses this splash. The origin of this so-called pressure effect is not well understood…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2018-06-13 A. M. P. Boelens , A. Latka , J. J. de Pablo

This study investigates short-crested wave breaking over a planar beach by using the mesh-free Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics model, GPUSPH. The short-crested waves are created by generating intersecting wave trains in a numerical wave…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2017-05-25 Zhangping Wei , Robert A. Dalrymple

In this article, we present a predictive model for the amplitude of impulse waves generated by the collapse of a granular column into a water layer. The model, which combines the spreading dynamics of the grains and the wave hydrodynamics…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2022-09-08 Wladimir Sarlin , Cyprien Morize , Alban Sauret , Philippe Gondret

The impact of droplets on concave surfaces is poorly understood, although it is relevant to a mode of dispersal that has evolved independently in several species of plants and fungi. This mode relies on splash-cups, specialized organs that…

Secondary droplets produced by interactions between falling fluid drops and a liquid pool play a significant role in engineering applications and geophysical processes in nature. This study uses direct numerical simulations to investigate…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2026-04-14 Han-Hsiang Kuo , Xuanting Hao

In this paper we analyze the impact of a circular disc on a free surface using experiments, potential flow numerical simulations and theory. We focus our attention both on the study of the generation and possible breakup of the splash wave…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2015-06-12 Ivo R. Peters , Devaraj van der Meer , J. M. Gordillo

Would a raindrop impacting on a coarse beach behave differently from that impacting on a desert of fine sand? We study this question by a series of model experiments, where the packing density of the granular target, the wettability of…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2017-02-08 Song-Chuan Zhao , Rianne de Jong , Devaraj van der Meer

We experimentally investigate the splashing mechanism of a millimeter-sized ethanol drop impinging on a structured solid surface, comprised of micro-pillars, through side-view and top-view high speed imaging. By increasing the impact…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2010-10-20 Peichun Tsai , Roeland van der Veen , Matthias van de Raa , Detlef Lohse