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The high densities in the early Universe provide a unique laboratory to constrain couplings between feebly interacting particles, such as dark matter and neutrinos. In this article, we study how Big Bang Nucleosynthesis can constrain models…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-09-30 Toni Bertólez-Martínez , Justo López-Sarrión , Jordi Salvado

In the primordial Big Bang nucleosynthesis (BBN), only the lightest nuclides (D, $^3$He, $^4$He, and $^7$Li) were synthesized in appreciable quantities, and these relics provide us a unique window on the early universe. Currently, BBN…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-12-23 J. J. He , S. Q. Hou , A. Parikh , D. Kahl , C. A. Bertulani , other collaborators

From the current cosmological observations of CMB and nuclear abundances we show, with an analytic procedure, that the total effective number of extra neutrino species $\Delta N_{\nu}^{\rm tot}< 0.3$. We also describe the possible…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2013-05-29 P. Di Bari

Very different processes characterize the decoupling of neutrinos to form the cosmic neutrino background (C$\nu$B) and the much later decoupling of photons from thermal equilibrium to form the cosmic microwave background (CMB). The C$\nu$B…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-09-20 J. Richard Bond , George M. Fuller , Evan Grohs , Joel Meyers , Matthew James Wilson

This paper is superseded by Arxiv:1911.07334. Big-bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) is a valuable tool to constrain the physics of the early universe and is the only probe of the radiation-dominated epoch. A fundamental assumption in BBN is that…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-07-01 Nishanth Sasankan , Atul Kedia , Motohiko Kusakabe , Grant J Mathews

In the framework of the standard, hot big bang cosmological model the dynamics of the early evolution of the universe is controlled by the energy density of relativistic particles, among which neutrinos play an important role. In…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Gary Steigman

Baryon number ($B$) conservation underlies the apparent stability of ordinary matter by forbidding the decay of nucleons, while lepton number ($L$) conservation plays a central role in the structure of lepton interactions and the possible…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-02-11 Volodymyr Takhistov

We consider the equilibration of the 'wrong--helicity' Dirac neutrino states $\nu_{+}$ and $\overline\nu_{-}$ in the early Universe via weak interactions and calculate carefully the thermally averaged production rate, taking into account…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-11-26 K. Enqvist , H. Uibo

Recent updates to the observational determinations of the primordial abundances of helium and deuterium are compared to the predictions of BBN to infer the universal ratio of baryons to photons (or, the present Universe baryon mass density…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-01-23 Gary Steigman , Kenneth M. Nollett

In this study we present a comprehensive sensitivity atlas for Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) in which we quantify the dependence of the primordial abundances of helium-4, deuterium, and lithium-7 as well as $N_{\rm{eff}}$ on variations in…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-03-25 Anne-Katherine Burns

Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) relates key cosmological parameters to the primordial abundance of light elements. In this paper, we point out that the recent observations of Cosmic Microwave Background anisotropies by the Planck satellite…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-08-06 Eleonora Di Valentino , Carlo Gustavino , Julien Lesgourgues , Gianpiero Mangano , Alessandro Melchiorri , Gennaro Miele , Ofelia Pisanti

The Hot Big Bang model predicts the existence of a \emph{cosmic neutrino background}. The number of particles and anti-particles in this primordial bath of neutrinos can be different -- a memory of processes that took place at very early…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-12-05 Oleg Ruchayskiy , Vsevolod Syvolap , Robin Wursch

To constrain the universe before recombination (380000 years after the Big Bang), we mostly rely on the measurements of the primordial abundances that indicate the first insight into the thermal history of the universe. The first production…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-04-30 Tahani Makki , Mounib El Eid , Grant Mathews

Within the framework of the Standard Model of particle physics and standard cosmology, observations of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) and Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) set stringent bounds on the sum of the masses of neutrinos.…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-03-16 Yasaman Farzan , Steen Hannestad

A poorly constrained parameter in the Standard Model of Cosmology is the lepton asymmetry l = \sum_f l_f=\sum_f(n_f+n_{\nu_f})/s. Each flavour asymmetry l_f with f=e, \mu, {\tau} is the sum of the net particle density of the charged leptons…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-06-03 Dominik J. Schwarz , Glenn D. Starkman , Maik Stuke

Models for the latest stages of the cosmological evolution rely on a less solid theoretical and observational ground than the description of earlier stages like BBN and recombination. As suggested in a previous work by Vonlanthen et al., it…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-11 Benjamin Audren , Julien Lesgourgues , Karim Benabed , Simon Prunet

The products of primordial nucleosynthesis and the cosmic microwave background (CMB) photons are relics from the early evolution of the Universe whose observations probe the standard model of cosmology and provide windows on new physics…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-11-20 Gary Steigman

Current cosmic microwave background (CMB) bounds on the sum of the neutrino masses assume a sudden reionization scenario described by a single parameter that determines the onset of reionization. We investigate the bounds on the neutrino…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2010-11-11 Maria Archidiacono , Asantha Cooray , Alessandro Melchiorri , Stefania Pandolfi

We investigate the joint effect of the cosmological phase transitions, thermal light dark matter, and the lepton asymmetry on the big bang nucleosynthesis and cosmic microwave background. We find that all of them can modify the predictions…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-10-06 Shihao Deng , Ligong Bian

We examine the constraints imposed by the requirement of successful big bang nucleosynthesis on models with one large extra dimension and a single bulk neutrino. We solve the Boltzman kinetic equations for the thermal distribution of bulk…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-11-07 H. S. Goh , R. N. Mohapatra