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Foundation models trained via vision-language pretraining have demonstrated strong zero-shot capabilities across diverse image domains, yet their application to volumetric medical imaging remains limited. We introduce MedCT-VLM: Medical CT…

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to extract structured information from free-text clinical records, but prior work often focuses on single tasks, limited models, and English-language reports. We evaluated 15 open-weight…

In medical science, the use of computer science in disease detection and diagnosis is gaining popularity. Previously, the detection of disease used to take a significant amount of time and was less reliable. Machine learning (ML) techniques…

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) hold promise for integrating diverse data modalities, but current medical adaptations such as LLaVA-Med often fail to fully exploit the synergy between color fundus photography (CFP) and optical…

The optic nerve head represents the intraocular section of the optic nerve (ONH), which is prone to damage by intraocular pressure. The advent of optical coherence tomography (OCT) has enabled the evaluation of novel optic nerve head…

Objective: The advent of Electronic Medical Records (EMR) with large electronic imaging databases along with advances in deep neural networks with machine learning has provided a unique opportunity to achieve milestones in automated image…

In the past year, there has been a growing trend in applying Large Language Models (LLMs) to the field of medicine, particularly with the advent of advanced language models such as ChatGPT developed by OpenAI. However, there is limited…

Automated diagnosis based on color fundus photography is essential for large-scale glaucoma screening. However, existing deep learning models are typically data-driven and lack explicit integration of retinal anatomical knowledge, which…

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive imaging technique with extensive clinical applications in ophthalmology. OCT enables the visualization of the retinal layers, playing a vital role in the early detection and monitoring of…

GLM-OCR is an efficient 0.9B-parameter compact multimodal model designed for real-world document understanding. It combines a 0.4B-parameter CogViT visual encoder with a 0.5B-parameter GLM language decoder, achieving a strong balance…

Oral mucosal diseases such as leukoplakia, oral lichen planus, and recurrent aphthous ulcers exhibit diverse and overlapping visual features, making diagnosis challenging for non-specialists. While vision-language models (VLMs) have shown…

Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) provides valuable insights in ophthalmology, cardiology, and neurology due to high-resolution, cross-sectional images of the retina. One critical task for ophthalmologists using OCT is delineation of…

Large multimodal language models (LMMs) have achieved significant success in general domains. However, due to the significant differences between medical images and text and general web content, the performance of LMMs in medical scenarios…

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA) and its derived en-face projections provide high-resolution visualization of the retinal and choroidal vasculature, which is critical for the rapid and accurate diagnosis of retinal diseases.…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been shown to encode clinical knowledge. Many evaluations, however, rely on structured question-answer benchmarks, overlooking critical challenges of interpreting and reasoning about unstructured clinical…

Ophthalmic images may contain identical-looking pathologies that can cause failure in automated techniques to distinguish different retinal degenerative diseases. Additionally, reliance on large annotated datasets and lack of knowledge…

Accurate and early diagnosis of malignant melanoma is critical for improving patient outcomes. While convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have shown promise in dermoscopic image analysis, they often neglect clinical metadata and require…

Interpreting quantitative CT biomarkers, such as organ volume and tissue attenuation, requires large-scale healthy reference distributions. However, creating these is challenging because clinical datasets are often heavily enriched with…

Recent advances in reasoning-focused large language models (LLMs) mark a shift from general LLMs toward models designed for complex decision-making, a crucial aspect in medicine. However, their performance in specialized domains like…

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) offer a promising path toward interpretable medical diagnosis by allowing users to ask about clinical explanations alongside predictions and across different modalities. However, training VLMs for detailed…