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While Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly advanced code generation efficiency, they face inherent challenges in balancing performance and inference costs across diverse programming tasks. Dynamically selecting the optimal LLM…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Junhang Cheng , Fang Liu , Chengru Wu , Li Zhang

Generating performant executables from high level languages is critical to software performance across a wide range of domains. Modern compilers perform this task by passing code through a series of well-studied optimizations at…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Benjamin Mikek , Danylo Vashchilenko , Bryan Lu , Panpan Xu

Prompt engineering has demonstrated remarkable success in enhancing the performance of large language models (LLMs) across diverse tasks. However, most existing prompt optimization methods only focus on the task-level performance,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Yilun Kong , Hangyu Mao , Qi Zhao , Bin Zhang , Jingqing Ruan , Li Shen , Yongzhe Chang , Xueqian Wang , Rui Zhao , Dacheng Tao

Detectability of failures of linear programming (LP) decoding and the potential for improvement by adding new constraints motivate the use of an adaptive approach in selecting the constraints for the underlying LP problem. In this paper, we…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2007-07-13 Mohammad H. Taghavi , Paul H. Siegel

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive performance as general purpose agents, but their abilities remain highly dependent on prompts which are hand written with onerous trial-and-error effort. We propose a simple and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Reid Pryzant , Dan Iter , Jerry Li , Yin Tat Lee , Chenguang Zhu , Michael Zeng

Preference Optimization (PO), is gaining popularity as an alternative choice of Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) for aligning Large Language Models (LLMs). Recent research on aligning LLMs iteratively with synthetic or partially synthetic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Yaojie Shen , Xinyao Wang , Yulei Niu , Ying Zhou , Lexin Tang , Libo Zhang , Fan Chen , Longyin Wen

The utilization of programming language (PL) models, pre-trained on large-scale code corpora, as a means of automating software engineering processes has demonstrated considerable potential in streamlining various code generation tasks such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-21 Parshin Shojaee , Aneesh Jain , Sindhu Tipirneni , Chandan K. Reddy

Aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) with human preferences is critical, yet traditional fine-tuning methods are computationally expensive and inflexible. While test-time alignment offers a promising alternative, existing approaches often…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Tiesunlong Shen , Rui Mao , Jin Wang , Heming Sun , Jian Zhang , Xuejie Zhang , Erik Cambria

Moderate-sized large language models (LLMs) -- those with 7B or 13B parameters -- exhibit promising machine translation (MT) performance. However, even the top-performing 13B LLM-based translation models, like ALMA, does not match the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Haoran Xu , Amr Sharaf , Yunmo Chen , Weiting Tan , Lingfeng Shen , Benjamin Van Durme , Kenton Murray , Young Jin Kim

Preference alignment is pivotal for empowering large language models (LLMs) to generate helpful and harmless responses. However, the performance of preference alignment is highly sensitive to the prevalent noise in the preference data.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Xize Liang , Chao Chen , Shuang Qiu , Jie Wang , Yue Wu , Zhihang Fu , Zhihao Shi , Feng Wu , Jieping Ye

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs), such as GPT-4o and LLaVA, have recently witnessed remarkable advancements and are increasingly being deployed in real-world applications. However, inheriting the sensitivity of visual neural networks,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Chaohu Liu , Tianyi Gui , Yu Liu , Linli Xu

Preference optimization is crucial for aligning large language models (LLMs) with human values and intentions. A significant challenge in this process is the distribution mismatch between pre-collected offline preference data and the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Junming Yang , Ning Xu , Biao Liu , Shiqi Qiao , Xin Geng

Preference learning provides a promising solution to address the limitations of supervised fine-tuning (SFT) for code language models, where the model is not explicitly trained to differentiate between correct and incorrect code. Recent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Dylan Zhang , Shizhe Diao , Xueyan Zou , Hao Peng

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive performance but lack the flexibility to adapt to human preferences quickly without retraining. In this work, we introduce Test-time Preference Optimization (TPO), a framework that aligns…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Yafu Li , Xuyang Hu , Xiaoye Qu , Linjie Li , Yu Cheng

Reinforcement learning (RL) is widely used for post-training large language models (LLMs) in code editing, where group-relative methods, such as GRPO, are popular due to their critic-free and normalized advantage estimation. However, in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Jianqing Zhang , Zhezheng Hao , Wei Xia , Hande Dong , Hong Wang , Chenxing Wei , Yuyan Zhou , Yubin Qi , Qiang Lin , Jian Cao

Automatic code generation has gained significant momentum with the advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) such as GPT-4. Although many studies focus on improving the effectiveness of LLMs for code generation, very limited work tries to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Melika Sepidband , Hamed Taherkhani , Song Wang , Hadi Hemmati

Instruction fine-tuning has conventionally been employed to adapt Large Language Models (LLMs) to a variety of tasks. Nonetheless, this technique often necessitates substantial computational resources, making it impractical for deployment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Zhenting Qi , Xiaoyu Tan , Shaojie Shi , Chao Qu , Yinghui Xu , Yuan Qi

Prompt engineering can significantly improve the performance of large language models (LLMs), with automated prompt optimization (APO) gaining significant attention due to the time-consuming and laborious nature of manual prompt design.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Wenxin Luo , Weirui Wang , Xiaopeng Li , Weibo Zhou , Pengyue Jia , Xiangyu Zhao

Learning to Optimize (L2O) approaches, including algorithm unrolling, plug-and-play methods, and hyperparameter learning, have garnered significant attention and have been successfully applied to the Alternating Direction Method of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-09-27 Ling Liang , Cameron Austin , Haizhao Yang

Detectability of failures of linear programming (LP) decoding and its potential for improvement by adding new constraints motivate the use of an adaptive approach in selecting the constraints for the LP problem. In this paper, we make a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2007-07-13 Mohammad H. Taghavi N. , Paul H. Siegel