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This work proposes a data driven learning model for the synthesis of keystroke biometric data. The proposed method is compared with two statistical approaches based on Universal and User-dependent models. These approaches are validated on…

CAPTCHA (Completely Automated Public Truing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart) is a widely used technology to distinguish real users and automated users such as bots. However, the advance of AI technologies weakens many CAPTCHA tests…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-08 Rulin Shao , Zhouxing Shi , Jinfeng Yi , Pin-Yu Chen , Cho-Jui Hsieh

In this paper we study the suitability of a new generation of CAPTCHA methods based on smartphone interactions. The heterogeneous flow of data generated during the interaction with the smartphones can be used to model human behavior when…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-07 Alejandro Acien , Aythami Morales , Julian Fierrez , Ruben Vera-Rodriguez , Oscar Delgado-Mohatar

A CAPTCHA (Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart) is an automatic security mechanism used to determine whether the user is a human or a malicious computer program. It is a program that generates and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2013-12-31 Mohammad Jabed Morshed Chowdhury , Narayan Ranjan Chakraborty

The proliferation of the Internet and mobile devices has resulted in malicious bots access to genuine resources and data. Bots may instigate phishing, unauthorized access, denial-of-service, and spoofing attacks to mention a few.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-07-21 N. Tariq , F. A. Khan , S. A. Moqurrab , G. Srivastava

CAPTCHAs are employed as a security measure to differentiate human users from bots. A new sound-based CAPTCHA is proposed in this paper, which exploits the gaps between human voice and synthetic voice rather than relays on the auditory…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2013-06-13 Haichang Gao , Honggang Liu , Dan Yao , Xiyang Liu , Uwe Aickelin

CAPTCHA(Completely Automated Public Turing test to Tell Computers and Humans Apart) can be used to protect data from auto bots. Countless kinds of CAPTCHAs are thus designed, while we most frequently utilize text-based scheme because of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-06-20 Ye Wang , Mi Lu

Online services rely on CAPTCHAs as a first line of defense against automated abuse, yet recent advances in multi-modal large language models (MLLMs) have eroded the effectiveness of conventional designs that focus on text recognition or 2D…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Arina Kharlamova , Bowei He , Chen Ma , Xue Liu

Over the last years, most websites on which users can register (e.g., email providers and social networks) adopted CAPTCHAs (Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart) as a countermeasure against automated…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2015-12-18 Mauro Conti , Claudio Guarisco , Riccardo Spolaor

Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart, short for CAPTCHA, is an essential and relatively easy way to defend against malicious attacks implemented by bots. The security and usability trade-off limits the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Zisheng Xu , Qiao Yan , F. Richard Yu , Victor C. M. Leung

We present Aura-CAPTCHA, a multi-modal verification system that integrates Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), Reinforcement Learning (RL), and behavioral analysis to create adaptive challenges resistant to classical deep-learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Joydeep Chandra , Prabal Manhas , Ramanjot Kaur , Rashi Sahay

We first study the suitability of behavioral biometrics to distinguish between computers and humans, commonly named as bot detection. We then present BeCAPTCHA-Mouse, a bot detector based on: i) a neuromotor model of mouse dynamics to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-03 Alejandro Acien , Aythami Morales , Julian Fierrez , Ruben Vera-Rodriguez

CAPTCHAs have long been essential tools for protecting applications from automated bots. Initially designed as simple questions to distinguish humans from bots, they have become increasingly complex to keep pace with the proliferation of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Ziqi Ding , Gelei Deng , Yi Liu , Junchen Ding , Jieshan Chen , Yulei Sui , Yuekang Li

CAPTCHA is a human-centred test to distinguish a human operator from bots, attacking programs, or other computerised agents that tries to imitate human intelligence. In this research, we investigate a way to crack visual CAPTCHA tests by an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-26 Zahra Noury , Mahdi Rezaei

As automation bot technology and Artificial Intelligence is evolving rapidly, conventional human verification techniques like voice CAPTCHAs and knowledge-based authentication are becoming less effective. Bots and scrapers with Artificial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Aditya Mitra , Sibi Chakkaravarthy Sethuraman , Devi Priya V S

Crowdsourcing human-solving or online typing attacks are destructive problems. However, studies into these topics have been limited. In this paper, we focus on this kind of attacks whereby all the CAPTCHAs can be simply broken because of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-04-30 Jianyi Zhang , Xiali Hei , Zhiqiang Wang

Completely Automated Public Turing Test To Tell Computers and Humans Apart (CAPTCHA) has been implemented on many websites to identify between harmful automated bots and legitimate users. However, the revenue generated by the bots has…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Rui Jin , Lin Huang , Jikang Duan , Wei Zhao , Yong Liao , Pengyuan Zhou

In recent years, the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) especially multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs), has enabled it to understand text, images, videos, and other multimedia data, allowing AI systems to execute…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Lehao Lin , Ke Wang , Maha Abdallah , Wei Cai

The use of reinforcement learning to dynamically adapt and evade detection is now well-documented in several cybersecurity settings including Covert Social Influence Operations (CSIOs), in which bots try to spread disinformation. While AI…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Valerio La Gatta , Nathan Subrahmanian , Kaitlyn Wang , Larry Birnbaum , V. S. Subrahmanian

Modern computing systems inherently trust human input devices, creating an exploitable attack surface for adversarial automation. USB Human Interface Device (HID) emulation attacks, such as those enabled by the USB Rubber Ducky, exploit…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Alessandro Lotto , Francesco Marchiori , Mauro Conti
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