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This paper presents \textit{OFHE}, an electro-optical accelerator designed to process Discretized TFHE (DTFHE) operations, which encrypt multi-bit messages and support homomorphic multiplications, lookup table operations and full-domain…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Mengxin Zheng , Cheng Chu , Qian Lou , Nathan Youngblood , Mo Li , Sajjad Moazeni , Lei Jiang

Homomorphic encryption (HE) is a promising privacy-preserving technique for cross-silo federated learning (FL), where organizations perform collaborative model training on decentralized data. Despite the strong privacy guarantee, general HE…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-09-30 Zhifeng Jiang , Wei Wang , Yang Liu

Homomorphic encryption is a cryptographic paradigm allowing to compute on encrypted data, opening a wide range of applications in privacy-preserving data manipulation, notably in AI. Many of those applications require significant linear…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Youngjin Bae , Jung Hee Cheon , Guillaume Hanrot , Jai Hyun Park , Damien Stehlé

Homomorphic Encryption (HE) is a cryptographic tool that allows performing computation under encryption, which is used by many privacy-preserving machine learning solutions, for example, to perform secure classification. Modern deep…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Nir Drucker , Itamar Zimerman

In the domain of Privacy-Preserving Machine Learning (PPML), Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) is often used for encrypted computation to allow secure and privacy-preserving outsourcing of machine learning modeling. While FHE enables…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Hunjae "Timothy" Lee , Corey Clark

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE), a novel cryptographic theory enabling computation directly on ciphertext data, offers significant security benefits but is hampered by substantial performance overhead. In recent years, a series of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Shengyu Fan , Xianglong Deng , Zhuoyu Tian , Zhicheng Hu , Liang Chang , Rui Hou , Dan Meng , Mingzhe Zhang

In contemporary cloud-based services, protecting users' sensitive data and ensuring the confidentiality of the server's model are critical. Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) enables inference directly on encrypted inputs, but its…

Homomorphic permutation is fundamental to privacy-preserving computations based on batch-encoding homomorphic encryption. It underpins nearly all homomorphic matrix operations and predominantly influences their complexity. Permutation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Xirong Ma , Junling Fang , Chunpeng Ge , Dung Hoang Duong , Yali Jiang , Yanbin Li , Willy Susilo , Lizhen Cui

Privacy-preserving machine learning (PPML) is an emerging topic to handle secure machine learning inference over sensitive data in untrusted environments. Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) enables computation directly on encrypted data on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Yu Hin Chan , Hao Yang , Shiyu Shen , Xingyu Fan , Shengzhe Lyu , Patrick S. Y. Hung , Ray C. C. Cheung

The need for privacy-preserving analytics is higher than ever due to the severity of privacy risks and to comply with new privacy regulations leading to an amplified interest in privacy-preserving techniques that try to balance between…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-05 Ahmad Al Badawi , Luong Hoang , Chan Fook Mun , Kim Laine , Khin Mi Mi Aung

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) is an encryption scheme that allows for computation to be performed directly on encrypted data, effectively closing the loop on secure and outsourced computing. Data is encrypted not only during rest and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Karthik Garimella , Austin Ebel , Brandon Reagen

This paper presents TT-TFHE, a deep neural network Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) framework that effectively scales Torus FHE (TFHE) usage to tabular and image datasets using a recent family of convolutional neural networks called…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Adrien Benamira , Tristan Guérand , Thomas Peyrin , Sayandeep Saha

Quantum homomorphic encryption (QHE) is an encryption method that allows quantum computation to be performed on one party's private data with the program provided by another party, without revealing much information about the data nor the…

Biometric authentication systems pose privacy risks, as leaked templates such as iris or fingerprints can lead to security breaches. Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) enables secure encrypted evaluation, but its deployment is hindered by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Joon Soo Yoo , Tae Min Ahn , Ji Won Yoon

The mod function plays a critical role in numerous data encoding and cryptographic primitives. However, the widely used CKKS homomorphic encryption (HE) scheme supports only arithmetic operations, making it difficult to perform mod…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Yufei Zhou

Homomorphic encryption is a form of encryption which allows computation to be carried out on the encrypted data without the need for decryption. The success of quantum approaches to related tasks in a delegated computation setting has…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-11-19 Li Yu , Carlos A. Perez-Delgado , Joseph F. Fitzsimons

Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) is an encryption method that allows to perform computation on encrypted data, without decryption. FHE preserves the privacy of the users of online services that handle sensitive data, such as health data,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-23 Andrei Stoian , Jordan Frery , Roman Bredehoft , Luis Montero , Celia Kherfallah , Benoit Chevallier-Mames

Homomorphic encryption enables computations on encrypted data without accessing private keys, enhancing security in cloud environments. Without this technology, updates need to be performed on-premises or require transmitting private keys…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Sefik Ilkin Serengil , Alper Ozpinar

Recent advances in cryptography promise to enable secure statistical computation on encrypted data, whereby a limited set of operations can be carried out without the need to first decrypt. We review these homomorphic encryption schemes in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-08-27 Louis J. M. Aslett , Pedro M. Esperança , Chris C. Holmes

Secure signal processing is becoming a de facto model for preserving privacy. We propose a model based on the Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) technique to mitigate security breaches. Our framework provides a method to perform a Fast…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-11-29 Thomas Shortell , Ali Shokoufandeh