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We propose an acceleration scheme for large language models (LLMs) through Speculative Decoding with Semantic Adaptive Tokens (SDSAT). The primary objective of this design is to enhance the LLM model's ability to generate draft tokens more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Chengbo Liu , Yong Zhu

Autoregressive (AR) large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable performance across a wide range of natural language tasks, yet their inherent sequential decoding limits inference efficiency. In this work, we propose Fast-dLLM v2,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Chengyue Wu , Hao Zhang , Shuchen Xue , Shizhe Diao , Yonggan Fu , Zhijian Liu , Pavlo Molchanov , Ping Luo , Song Han , Enze Xie

Diffusion language models (DLMs) promise parallel, order-agnostic generation, but on standard benchmarks they have historically lagged behind autoregressive models in sample quality and diversity. Recent continuous flow and diffusion…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Georgios Batzolis , Mark Girolami , Luca Ambrogioni

Large language model (LLM)-based generative list-wise recommendation has advanced rapidly, but decoding remains sequential and thus latency-prone. To accelerate inference without changing the target distribution, speculative decoding (SD)…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Jiaju Chen , Chongming Gao , Chenxiao Fan , Haoyan Liu , Qingpeng Cai , Peng Jiang , Xiangnan He

Autoregressive (AR) models remain the standard for natural language generation but still suffer from high latency due to strictly sequential decoding. Recent diffusion-inspired approaches, such as LlaDA and Dream, mitigate this by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Qinglin Zhu , Yizhen Yao , Runcong Zhao , Yanzheng Xiang , Amrutha Saseendran , Chen Jin , Philip Teare , Bin Liang , Yulan He , Lin Gui

Autoregressive models (ARMs) are hindered by slow sequential inference. While masked diffusion models (MDMs) offer a parallel alternative, they suffer from critical drawbacks: high computational overhead from precluding Key-Value (KV)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Jia-Nan Li , Jian Guan , Wei Wu , Chongxuan Li

Lossless speculative decoding accelerates target large language model (LLM) inference by employing a lightweight draft model for generating tree-structured candidates, which are subsequently verified in parallel by the target LLM.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Lujun Gui , Bin Xiao , Lei Su , Weipeng Chen

Diffusion Large Language Models (dLLMs) have emerged as a promising alternative to autoregressive generation by enabling parallel token prediction. However, practical dLLM decoding still suffers from high inference latency, which limits…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Zhenbang Du , Kejing Xia , Xinrui Zhong , Yonggan Fu , Nicolai Oswald , Binfei Ji , Brucek Khailany , Pavlo Molchanov , Yingyan Lin

Self-speculative decoding is an inference technique for large language models designed to speed up generation without sacrificing output quality. It combines fast, approximate decoding using a compact version of the model as a draft model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Walaa Amer , Uday das , Fadi Kurdahi

Speculative decoding is a powerful way to accelerate autoregressive large language models (LLMs), but directly porting it to vision-language models (VLMs) faces unique systems constraints: the prefill stage is dominated by visual tokens…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Haiduo Huang , Fuwei Yang , Zhenhua Liu , Xuanwu Yin , Dong Li , Pengju Ren , Emad Barsoum

Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models (DDPMs) have emerged as powerful tools for generative modeling. However, their sequential computation requirements lead to significant inference-time bottlenecks. In this work, we utilize the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Hengyuan Hu , Aniket Das , Dorsa Sadigh , Nima Anari

Speculative decoding is commonly used for reducing the inference latency of large language models. Its effectiveness depends highly on the speculation lookahead (SL)-the number of tokens generated by the draft model at each iteration. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Jonathan Mamou , Oren Pereg , Daniel Korat , Moshe Berchansky , Nadav Timor , Moshe Wasserblat , Roy Schwartz

Scaling the size of language models to tens of billions of parameters has led to impressive performance on a wide range of tasks. At generation, these models are used auto-regressively, requiring a forward pass for each generated token, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Giovanni Monea , Armand Joulin , Edouard Grave

Speculative decoding is an effective technique for accelerating large language model inference by drafting multiple tokens in parallel. In practice, its speedup is often bottlenecked by a rigid verification step that strictly enforces the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Ziyi Wang , Siva Rajesh Kasa , Ankith M S , Santhosh Kumar Kasa , Jiaru Zou , Sumit Negi , Ruqi Zhang , Nan Jiang , Qifan Song

Large language models (LLMs) have transformed natural language processing but face critical deployment challenges in device-edge systems due to resource limitations and communication overhead. To address these issues, collaborative…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-18 Jiahong Ning , Ce Zheng , Tingting Yang

While LLM-based Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) achieves high accuracy, its speed is limited by sequential autoregressive decoding. Diffusion Language Models (DLMs) offer a parallel alternative, yet their decoding strategies remain…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-29 Jeong Hun Yeo , Minsu Kim , Hyeongseop Rha , Yong Man Ro

Diffusion Large Language Models (DLLMs) have emerged as a powerful alternative to autoregressive models, enabling parallel token generation across multiple positions. However, preference alignment of DLLMs remains challenging due to high…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Liang Lin , Feng Xiong , Zengbin Wang , Kun Wang , Junhao Dong , Xuecai Hu , Yong Wang , Xiangxiang Chu

Diffusion Language Models (DLMs) offer a promising alternative for language modeling by enabling parallel decoding through iterative refinement. However, most DLMs rely on hard binary masking and discrete token assignments, which hinder the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Linhao Zhong , Linyu Wu , Bozhen Fang , Tianjian Feng , Chenchen Jing , Wen Wang , Jiaheng Zhang , Hao Chen , Chunhua Shen

Masked diffusion language models (MDLMs) promise fast, non-autoregressive text generation, yet existing samplers, which pick tokens to unmask based on model confidence, ignore interactions when unmasking multiple positions in parallel and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Omer Luxembourg , Haim Permuter , Eliya Nachmani

Diffusion large language models (DLLMs) have emerged as an alternative to autoregressive (AR) decoding with appealing efficiency and modeling properties, yet their implications for agentic multi-step decision making remain underexplored. We…