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The robustness of critical infrastructure systems is contingent upon the integrity and transparency of their software supply chains. A Software Bill of Materials (SBOM) is pivotal in this regard, offering an exhaustive inventory of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Boming Xia , Dawen Zhang , Yue Liu , Qinghua Lu , Zhenchang Xing , Liming Zhu

Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems are increasingly dependent on complex, multi-layered software supply chains that introduce challenges for reproducibility, transparency, and security assurance. This study presents an Artificial…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Petar Radanliev , Omar Santos , Carsten Maple , Kay Atefi

The rapid adoption of complex AI systems has outpaced the development of tools to ensure their transparency, security, and regulatory compliance. In this paper, the AI Bill of Materials (AIBOM), an extension of the Software Bill of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Wiebe Vandendriessche , Jordi Thijsman , Laurens D'hooge , Bruno Volckaert , Merlijn Sebrechts

A Software Bill of Materials (SBOM) is becoming an increasingly important tool in regulatory and technical spaces to introduce more transparency and security into a project's software supply chain. Artificial intelligence (AI) projects face…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Karen Bennet , Gopi Krishnan Rajbahadur , Arthit Suriyawongkul , Kate Stewart

In the era of advanced artificial intelligence, highlighted by large-scale generative models like GPT-4, ensuring the traceability, verifiability, and reproducibility of datasets throughout their lifecycle is paramount for research…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-19 Yue Liu , Dawen Zhang , Boming Xia , Julia Anticev , Tunde Adebayo , Zhenchang Xing , Moses Machao

Modern software engineering increasingly relies on open, community-driven standards, yet how such standards are created in fast-evolving domains like AI-powered systems remains underexplored. This paper presents a detailed experience report…

Assurance for artificial intelligence (AI) systems remains fragmented across software supply-chain security, adversarial machine learning, and governance documentation. Existing transparency mechanisms - including Model Cards, Datasheets,…

A Software Bill of Materials (SBOM) is a key component for the transparency of software supply chain; it is a structured inventory of the components, dependencies, and associated metadata of a software artifact. However, an SBOM often…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Gianpietro Castiglione , Shahriar Ebrahimi , Narges Khakpour

Modern digital ecosystems, spanning software, hardware, learning models, datasets, and cryptographic products, continue to grow in complexity, making it difficult for organizations to understand and manage component dependencies. Bills of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Shuai Zhang , Minzhao Lyu , Hassan Habibi Gharakheili

Modern networked systems rely on complex software stacks, which often conceal vulnerabilities arising from intricate interdependencies. A Software Bill of Materials (SBOM) is effective for identifying dependencies and mitigating security…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Vadim Safronov , Ionut Bostan , Nicholas Allott , Andrew Martin

Adopting shared data resources requires scientists to place trust in the originators of the data. When shared data is later used in the development of artificial intelligence (AI) systems or machine learning (ML) models, the trust lineage…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-14 Iain Barclay , Alun Preece , Ian Taylor , Swapna K. Radha , Jarek Nabrzyski

Ensuring the security of software supply chains requires reliable identification of upstream dependencies. We present the Automatic Bill of Materials, or ABOM, a technique for embedding dependency metadata in binaries at compile time.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Nicholas Boucher , Ross Anderson

The SolarWinds attack, which exploited weaknesses in a software update mechanism, highlights the critical need for organizations to have better visibility into their software dependencies and potential vulnerabilities associated with them.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Can Ozkan , Xinhai Zou , Dave Singelee

Software supply-chain security requires provenance mechanisms that support reproducibility and vulnerability assessment under dynamic execution conditions. Conventional Software Bills of Materials (SBOMs) provide static dependency…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Petar Radanliev , Carsten Maple , Omar Santos , Kayvan Atefi

Modern software applications heavily rely on diverse third-party components, libraries, and frameworks sourced from various vendors and open source repositories, presenting a complex challenge for securing the software supply chain. To…

The Software Supply Chain (SSC) security is a critical concern for both users and developers. Recent incidents, like the SolarWinds Orion compromise, proved the widespread impact resulting from the distribution of compromised software. The…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Giacomo Benedetti , Serena Cofano , Alessandro Brighente , Mauro Conti

A Software Bill of Materials (SBOM) is becoming an essential tool for effective software dependency management. An SBOM is a list of components used in software, including details such as component names, versions, and licenses. Using…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Rio Kishimoto , Tetsuya Kanda , Yuki Manabe , Katsuro Inoue , Shi Qiu , Yoshiki Higo

Background. The Software Bill of Materials (SBOM) is a machine-readable list of all the software dependencies included in a software. SBOM emerged as way to assist securing the software supply chain. However, despite mandates from…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Oleksii Novikov , Davide Fucci , Oleksandr Adamov , Daniel Mendez

Software Bills of Material (SBOMs) have emerged as an important technology for vulnerability management amid rising supply-chain attacks. They represent component relationships within a software product and support software composition…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Shawn Rasheed , Max McPhee , Lisa Patterson , Stephen MacDonell , Jens Dietrich

The Software Bill of Materials (SBOM) has emerged as a promising solution, providing a machine-readable inventory of software components used, thus bolstering supply chain security. This paper presents an extensive study concerning the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Tingting Bi , Boming Xia , Zhenchang Xing , Qinghua Lu , Liming Zhu
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