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We revisit the classical problem of deriving convergence rates for the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) in finite mixture models. The Wasserstein distance has become a standard loss function for the analysis of parameter estimation in…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-06-22 Tudor Manole , Nhat Ho

Language models based on discrete diffusion have attracted widespread interest for their potential to provide faster generation than autoregressive models. Despite their promise, these models typically produce samples whose quality sharply…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Chanhyuk Lee , Jaehoon Yoo , Manan Agarwal , Sheel Shah , Jerry Huang , Aditi Raghunathan , Seunghoon Hong , Nicholas M. Boffi , Jinwoo Kim

Generative models excel at synthesizing high-fidelity samples from complex data distributions, but they often violate hard constraints arising from physical laws or task specifications. A common remedy is to project intermediate samples…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Jinhao Liang , Yixuan Sun , Anirban Samaddar , Sandeep Madireddy , Ferdinando Fioretto

Controlling generative models is computationally expensive. This is because optimal alignment with a reward function--whether via inference-time steering or fine-tuning--requires estimating the value function. This task demands access to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-01-22 Peter Potaptchik , Adhi Saravanan , Abbas Mammadov , Alvaro Prat , Michael S. Albergo , Yee Whye Teh

In this paper, we introduce a novel approach that combines multiresolution (MR) techniques with the flux reconstruction (FR) method to accurately and effciently simulate compressible flows. We achieve further enhancements in effciency…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2023-06-21 Yixuan Lian , Jinsheng Cai , Shucheng Pan

Although diffusion models in text-to-speech have become a popular choice due to their strong generative ability, the intrinsic complexity of sampling from diffusion models harms their efficiency. Alternatively, we propose VoiceFlow, an…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-04 Yiwei Guo , Chenpeng Du , Ziyang Ma , Xie Chen , Kai Yu

We propose ReinFlow, a simple yet effective online reinforcement learning (RL) framework that fine-tunes a family of flow matching policies for continuous robotic control. Derived from rigorous RL theory, ReinFlow injects learnable noise…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Tonghe Zhang , Chao Yu , Sichang Su , Yu Wang

Maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) is the predominant algorithm for training text generation models. This paradigm relies on direct supervision examples, which is not applicable to many emerging applications, such as generating adversarial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Han Guo , Bowen Tan , Zhengzhong Liu , Eric P. Xing , Zhiting Hu

The transition density of a diffusion process does not admit an explicit expression in general, which prevents the full maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) based on discretely observed sample paths. A\"{\i}t-Sahalia [J. Finance 54 (1999)…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2012-03-12 Jinyuan Chang , Song Xi Chen

The diffusion models including Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models (DDPM) and score-based generative models have demonstrated excellent performance in speech synthesis tasks. However, its effectiveness comes at the cost of numerous…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-02-01 Wenhao Guan , Qi Su , Haodong Zhou , Shiyu Miao , Xingjia Xie , Lin Li , Qingyang Hong

Deep generative models such as flow matching and diffusion models have shown great potential in learning complex distributions and dynamical systems, but often act as black-boxes, neglecting underlying physics. In contrast, physics-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Gurjeet Sangra Singh , Frantzeska Lavda , Giangiacomo Mercatali , Alexandros Kalousis

Although diffusion-based real-world image restoration (Real-IR) has achieved remarkable progress, efficiently leveraging ultra-large-scale pre-trained text-to-image (T2I) models and fully exploiting their potential remain significant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Purui Bai , Junxian Duan , Pin Wang , Jinhua Hao , Ming Sun , Chao Zhou , Huaibo Huang

Modeling stochastic and irregularly sampled time series is a challenging problem found in a wide range of applications, especially in medicine. Neural stochastic differential equations (Neural SDEs) are an attractive modeling technique for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Xi Zhang , Yuan Pu , Yuki Kawamura , Andrew Loza , Yoshua Bengio , Dennis L. Shung , Alexander Tong

Flow matching has emerged as a powerful framework for generative modeling, with recent empirical successes highlighting the effectiveness of signal-space prediction ($x$-prediction). In this work, we investigate the transfer of this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Jiadong Hong , Lei Liu , Xinyu Bian , Wenjie Wang , Zhaoyang Zhang

Flow Matching has recently emerged as a popular class of generative models for simulating a target distribution $\mu_1$ from samples drawn from a source distribution $\mu_0$. This framework relies on a fixed coupling between $\mu_0$ and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Le-Tuyet-Nhi Pham , Giovanni Conforti , Zhenjie Ren , Alain Durmus

Pansharpening, a pivotal task in remote sensing for fusing high-resolution panchromatic and multispectral imagery, has garnered significant research interest. Recent advancements employing diffusion models based on stochastic differential…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Zihan Cao , Yu Zhong , Liang-Jian Deng

In continuous process plants controlled by model predictive control, model-plant mismatch (MPM), due to the aging of processes, causes degradation of control performance. We propose a concept called Model Life Extension (MLE) and its…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-28 Yohe Kono , Minoru Koizumi

We investigate the use of diffusion models as neural density estimators. The current approach to this problem involves converting the generative process to a smooth flow, known as the Probability Flow ODE. The log density at a given sample…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Akhil Premkumar

Physics-constrained generative modeling aims to produce high-dimensional samples that are both physically consistent and distributionally accurate, a task that remains challenging due to often conflicting optimization objectives. Recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Giacomo Baldan , Qiang Liu , Alberto Guardone , Nils Thuerey

Recent advances in reinforcement learning (RL) have substantially improved the training of large-scale language models, leading to significant gains in generation quality and reasoning ability. However, most existing research focuses on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Di Zhang , Xun Wu , Shaohan Huang , Lingjie Jiang , Yaru Hao , Li Dong , Zewen Chi , Zhifang Sui , Furu Wei
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