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Peer review forms the backbone of modern scientific manuscript evaluation. But after two hundred and eighty-nine years of egalitarian service to the scientific community, does this protocol remain fit for purpose in 2020? In this work, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-04-01 Samuel Albanie , Jaime Thewmore , Robert McCraith , Joao F. Henriques

Large language models are increasingly proposed as autonomous agents for high-stakes public workflows, yet we lack systematic evidence about whether they would follow institutional rules when granted authority. We present evidence that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Vedanta S P , Ponnurangam Kumaraguru

The software engineering research community is productive, yet it faces a constellation of challenges: swamped review processes, metric-driven incentives, distorted publication practices, and increasing pressures from AI, scale, and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Mary Shaw , Mary Lou Maher , Keith Webster

For improving the performance and effectiveness of peer review, a novel review system is proposed, based on analysis of peer review process for academic journals under a parallel model built via Monte Carlo method. The model can simulate…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2021-11-12 Li Liu , Qian Wang , Zong-Yuan Tan , Ning Cai

Scholarly journals rely on peer review to identify the science most worthy of publication. Yet finding willing and qualified reviewers to evaluate manuscripts has become an increasingly challenging task, possibly even threatening the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-02-03 Carl T. Bergstrom , Kevin Gross

An increasing number of regulations propose AI audits as a mechanism for achieving transparency and accountability for artificial intelligence (AI) systems. Despite some converging norms around various forms of AI auditing, auditing for the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Khoa Lam , Benjamin Lange , Borhane Blili-Hamelin , Jovana Davidovic , Shea Brown , Ali Hasan

Artificial intelligence (AI) tools are being incorporated into scientific research workflows with the potential to enhance efficiency in tasks such as document analysis, question answering (Q&A), and literature search. However, system…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Anthea Dathe , Kiran Hoffmann , Aline Mangold

As Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems proliferate, the need for systematic, transparent, and actionable processes for evaluating them is growing. While many resources exist to support AI evaluation, they have several limitations. Few…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Rachel M. Kim , Blaine Kuehnert , Alice Lai , Kenneth Holstein , Hoda Heidari , Rayid Ghani

The performance of AI models on safety benchmarks does not indicate their real-world performance after deployment. This opaqueness of AI models impedes existing regulatory frameworks constituted on benchmark performance, leaving them…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Gabriel Stanovsky , Renana Keydar , Gadi Perl , Eliya Habba

Despite peer-reviewing being an essential component of academia since the 1600s, it has repeatedly received criticisms for lack of transparency and consistency. We posit that recent work in machine learning and explainable AI provide tools…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-16 Panagiotis Fytas , Georgios Rizos , Lucia Specia

Autonomous research systems capable of generating complete scientific manuscripts have advanced rapidly, yet robust and realistic evaluation frameworks have failed to keep pace. To bridge this gap, we introduce MLReplicate, an end-to-end…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Sasi Kiran Gaddipati , Diyana Muhammed , Farhana Keya , Gollam Rabby , Sören Auer

This study investigates students' perceptions of Artificial Intelligence (AI) grading systems in an undergraduate computer science course (n = 27), focusing on a block-based programming final project. Guided by the ethical principles…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Bahare Riahi , Viktoriia Storozhevykh , Veronica Catete

A major bottleneck in characterizing the failure modes of generative AI systems is the cost and time of annotation and evaluation. Consequently, adaptive testing paradigms have gained popularity, where one opportunistically decides which…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Siyu Zhou , Patrick Vossler , Venkatesh Sivaraman , Yifan Mai , Jean Feng

AI is reshaping academic research, yet its role in peer review remains polarising and contentious. Advocates see its potential to reduce reviewer burden and improve quality, while critics warn of risks to fairness, accountability, and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Shiping Chen , Shu Zhong , Duncan P. Brumby , Anna L. Cox

Auditability is defined as the capacity of AI systems to be independently assessed for compliance with ethical, legal, and technical standards throughout their lifecycle. The chapter explores how auditability is being formalized through…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Himanshu Verma , Kirtan Padh , Eva Thelisson

Despite their growing use in academic writing and statistical analysis, the performance of artificial intelligence (AI) tools in scientific peer review remains a largely unexplored area. A key challenge is jagged AI, a phenomenon where AI…

Applications · Statistics 2026-05-19 Jin Wook Lee , William Szegda , Zhisheng Song , Edward L. Ionides

Generative AI challenges traditional assessments by allowing students to produce correct answers without demonstrating understanding or reasoning. Rather than prohibiting AI, this work argues that one way to integrate AI into education is…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Ahmad Samer Wazan

As AI-enhanced academic search systems become increasingly popular among researchers, investigating their AI transparency is crucial to ensure trust in the search outcomes, as well as the reliability and integrity of scholarly work. This…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Yifan Liu , Peter Sullivan , Luanne Sinnamon

Background. Reproducibility is essential to the scientific method, but reproduction is often a laborious task. Recent works have attempted to automate this process and relieve researchers of this workload. However, due to varying…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Thijs Snelleman , Peter Lundestad Lawrence , Holger H. Hoos , Odd Erik Gundersen

Artificial intelligence (AI) offers incredible possibilities for patient care, but raises significant ethical issues, such as the potential for bias. Powerful ethical frameworks exist to minimize these issues, but are often developed for…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Ion Nemteanu , Adir Mancebo , Leslie Joe , Ryan Lopez , Patricia Lopez , Warren Woodrich Pettine