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Discrete audio tokenizers are fundamental to empowering large language models with native audio processing and generation capabilities. Despite recent progress, existing approaches often rely on pretrained encoders, semantic distillation,…

In low-bitrate speech coding, end-to-end speech coding networks aim to learn compact yet expressive features and a powerful decoder in a single network. A challenging problem as such results in unwelcome complexity increase and inferior…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-16 Haici Yang , Inseon Jang , Minje Kim

Recent advances in visual generation have emphasized the importance of Latent Generative Models (LGMs), which critically depend on effective visual tokenizers to bridge pixels and semantic representations. However, tokenizers constructed on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Mingkai Jia , Mingxiao Li , Zhijian Shu , Anlin Zheng , Liaoyuan Fan , Jiaxin Guo , Tianxing Shi , Dongyue Lu , Zeming Li , Xiaoyang Guo , Xiaojuan Qi , Xiao-Xiao Long , Qian Zhang , Ping Tan , Wei Yin

In this paper, we introduce SemHiTok, a unified image Tokenizer via Semantic-Guided Hierarchical codebook that provides consistent discrete representations for multimodal understanding and generation. Recently, unified image tokenizers have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Zisheng Chen , Chunwei Wang , Runhui Huang , Hongbin Xu , Xiuwei Chen , Jun Zhou , Jianhua Han , Hang Xu , Xiaodan Liang

The rapid advancements in large language models (LLMs) have significantly enhanced natural language processing capabilities, facilitating the development of AudioLLMs that process and understand speech and audio inputs alongside text.…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Wenyu Zhang , Shuo Sun , Bin Wang , Xunlong Zou , Zhuohan Liu , Yingxu He , Geyu Lin , Nancy F. Chen , Ai Ti Aw

Building upon advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs), the field of audio processing has seen increased interest in training audio generation tasks with discrete audio token sequences. However, directly discretizing audio by neural…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-08 Wenrui Liu , Zhifang Guo , Jin Xu , Yuanjun Lv , Yunfei Chu , Zhou Zhao , Junyang Lin

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional code generation capabilities, yet their token-level mechanisms remain underexplored, particularly in compressed models. Through systematic analysis of programming language token…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Viacheslav Siniaev , Iaroslav Chelombitko , Aleksey Komissarov

The rapid progress of large language models (LLMs) has laid the foundation for multimodal models. However, visual language models (VLMs) still face heavy computational costs when extended from images to videos due to high frame rates and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Peiran Wu , Zhuorui Yu , Yunze Liu , Chi-Hao Wu , Enmin Zhou , Junxiao Shen

Knowledge distillation (KD) is a standard route to compress Large Language Models (LLMs) into compact students, yet most pipelines uniformly apply token-wise loss regardless of teacher confidence. This indiscriminate supervision amplifies…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Haiduo Huang , Jiangcheng Song , Yadong Zhang , Pengju Ren

We introduce LMCodec, a causal neural speech codec that provides high quality audio at very low bitrates. The backbone of the system is a causal convolutional codec that encodes audio into a hierarchy of coarse-to-fine tokens using residual…

This work presents VTok, a unified video tokenization framework that can be used for both generation and understanding tasks. Unlike the leading vision-language systems that tokenize videos through a naive frame-sampling strategy, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Feng Wang , Yichun Shi , Ceyuan Yang , Qiushan Guo , Jingxiang Sun , Alan Yuille , Peng Wang

Recent large audio language models (LALMs) demonstrate remarkable capabilities in processing extended multi-modal sequences, yet incur high inference costs. Token compression is an effective method that directly reduces redundant tokens in…

Large language models (LLMs) have shown exceptional versatility in natural language processing, prompting recent efforts to extend their multimodal capabilities to speech processing through the development of audio large language models…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Ting Dang , Yan Gao , Hong Jia

The long speech sequence has been troubling language models (LM) based TTS approaches in terms of modeling complexity and efficiency. This work proposes SoCodec, a semantic-ordered multi-stream speech codec, to address this issue. It…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Haohan Guo , Fenglong Xie , Kun Xie , Dongchao Yang , Dake Guo , Xixin Wu , Helen Meng

Large language models (LLMs), known for their exceptional reasoning capabilities, generalizability, and fluency across diverse domains, present a promising avenue for enhancing speech-related tasks. In this paper, we focus on integrating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Chao-Wei Huang , Hui Lu , Hongyu Gong , Hirofumi Inaguma , Ilia Kulikov , Ruslan Mavlyutov , Sravya Popuri

Large Audio-Language Models (LALMs) have made significant progress in audio understanding, yet they primarily operate as perception-and-answer systems without explicit reasoning processes. Existing methods for enhancing audio reasoning rely…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Xiang He , Chenxing Li , Jinting Wang , Yan Rong , Tianxin Xie , Wenfu Wang , Li Liu , Dong Yu

Speech codecs that convert continuous speech signals into discrete tokens have become essential for speech language models. However, existing codecs struggle to balance high-quality reconstruction with semantically rich representations,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-16 Wenxi Chen , Xinsheng Wang , Ruiqi Yan , Yushen Chen , Zhikang Niu , Ziyang Ma , Xiquan Li , Yuzhe Liang , Hanlin Wen , Shunshun Yin , Ming Tao , Xie Chen

We introduce a technique for augmenting neural text-to-speech (TTS) with lowdimensional trainable speaker embeddings to generate different voices from a single model. As a starting point, we show improvements over the two state-ofthe-art…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-09-22 Sercan Arik , Gregory Diamos , Andrew Gibiansky , John Miller , Kainan Peng , Wei Ping , Jonathan Raiman , Yanqi Zhou

Language models (LMs) have recently flourished in natural language processing and computer vision, generating high-fidelity texts or images in various tasks. In contrast, the current speech generative models are still struggling regarding…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Xinfa Zhu , Yuanjun Lv , Yi Lei , Tao Li , Wendi He , Hongbin Zhou , Heng Lu , Lei Xie
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