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The advent of edge devices dedicated to machine learning tasks enabled the execution of AI-based applications that efficiently process and classify the data acquired by the resource-constrained devices populating the Internet of Things. The…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-09-04 Alessandro Tundo , Marco Mobilio , Shashikant Ilager , Ivona Brandić , Ezio Bartocci , Leonardo Mariani

Improving energy efficiency in residential buildings is critical to combating climate change and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Retrofitting existing buildings, which contribute a significant share of energy use, is therefore a key…

With the emerging technologies and all associated devices, it is predicted that massive amount of data will be created in the next few years, in fact, as much as 90% of current data were created in the last couple of years,a trend that will…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-03-19 O. Y. Al-Jarrah , P. D. Yoo , S Muhaidat , G. K. Karagiannidis , K. Taha

Robustly estimating energy consumption in High-Performance Computing (HPC) is essential for assessing the energy footprint of modern workloads, particularly in fields such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) research, development, and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Luis G. León-Vega , Niccolò Tosato , Stefano Cozzini

The rapid rise of generative artificial intelligence (AI) is driving unprecedented growth in global computational demand, placing increasing pressure on electricity systems. This study introduces an AI-energy coupling framework that…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Danbo Chen , Zijun Zhou , Yongyang Cai , Jiahong Qin , Ani Katchova , Lei Chen

AI research has traditionally prioritised algorithmic performance, such as optimising accuracy in machine learning or runtime in automated planning. The emerging paradigm of Green AI challenges this by recognising energy consumption as a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Ilche Georgievski , Serhat Tekin , Marco Aiello

Climate change is one of the most pressing challenges of our time, requiring rapid action across society. As artificial intelligence tools (AI) are rapidly deployed, it is therefore crucial to understand how they will impact climate action.…

The implementation of machine learning in Internet of Things devices poses significant operational challenges due to limited energy and computation resources. In recent years, significant efforts have been made to implement simplified ML…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Ziheng Wang , Pedro Reviriego , Farzad Niknia , Javier Conde , Shanshan Liu , Fabrizio Lombardi

Given the fact that climate change has become one of the most pressing problems in many countries in recent years, specialized research on how to mitigate climate change has been adopted by many countries. Within this discussion, the…

General Economics · Economics 2024-12-24 Azizul Hakim Rafi , Abdullah Al Abrar Chowdhury , Adita Sultana , Abdulla All Noman

This paper explores the environmental impact of the super-linear growth trends for AI from a holistic perspective, spanning Data, Algorithms, and System Hardware. We characterize the carbon footprint of AI computing by examining the model…

Current AI advances largely rely on scaling neural models and expanding training datasets to achieve generalization and robustness. Despite notable successes, this paradigm incurs significant environmental, economic, and ethical costs,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Eunsu Baek , Keondo Park , Jeonggil Ko , Min-hwan Oh , Taesik Gong , Hyung-Sin Kim

As recommender systems become increasingly prevalent, the environmental impact and energy efficiency of training large-scale models have come under scrutiny. This paper investigates the potential for energy-efficient algorithm performance…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Ardalan Arabzadeh , Tobias Vente , Joeran Beel

Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) is driving significant environmental impacts. The rapid development and deployment of increasingly larger algorithmic models capable of analysing vast amounts of data are contributing to rising…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Ana Valdivia

In particular, large-scale deep learning and artificial intelligence model training uses a lot of computational power and energy, so it poses serious sustainability issues. The fast rise in model complexity has resulted in exponential…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Yashasvi Makin , Rahul Maliakkal

The rapid adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) has generated growing interest in understanding their environmental impact and the challenges associated with designing environmentally friendly ML-enabled…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Heli Järvenpää , Patricia Lago , Justus Bogner , Grace Lewis , Henry Muccini , Ipek Ozkaya

One of the main challenges when designing a new self-powered wireless sensor network (WSN) technology is the vast operational dependence on its scarce energy resources. Therefore, a thorough identification and characterisation of the main…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2015-12-14 Albert Bel , Toni Adame , Boris Bellalta

The increased use of AI systems is associated with multi-faceted societal, environmental, and economic consequences. These include non-transparent decision-making processes, discrimination, increasing inequalities, rising energy consumption…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Friederike Rohde , Josephin Wagner , Andreas Meyer , Philipp Reinhard , Marcus Voss , Ulrich Petschow , Anne Mollen

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has transitioned from a futuristic concept reserved for large corporations to a present-day, accessible, and essential growth lever for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs). For entrepreneurs and business…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Oluwatosin Agbaakin

The rapid adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) has raised significant environmental concerns. Unlike the one-time cost of training, LLM inference occurs continuously and dominates the AI energy footprint. Yet most sustainability studies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Hemang Jain , Shailender Goyal , Divyansh Pandey , Karthik Vaidhyanathan

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged in popularity recently, recording great progress in various industries. However, the environmental impact of AI is a growing concern, in terms of the energy consumption and carbon footprint of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Pedro Pereira , Paulo Mendes , João Vitorino , Eva Maia , Isabel Praça