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In this paper, we discuss the way advanced machine learning techniques allow physicists to perform in-depth studies of the realistic operating modes of the detectors during the stage of their design. Proposed approach can be applied to both…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2021-02-03 F. Ratnikov , D. Derkach , A. Boldyrev , A. Shevelev , P. Fakanov , L. Matyushin

The reconstruction of electrons and photons in CMS depends on topological clustering of the energy deposited by an incident particle in different crystals of the electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL). These clusters are formed by aggregating…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2023-03-01 Davide Valsecchi

A template fitting technique for reconstructing the amplitude of signals produced by the lead tungstate crystals of the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter is described. This novel approach is designed to suppress the increased out-of-time…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2020-10-05 CMS Collaboration

Calorimeters operating in high-radiation environments are susceptible to damage, leading to increased noise that can significantly degrade energy resolution. A common way to mitigate noise is to apply a higher energy threshold on the cells,…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-09-16 Suman Das Gupta , Shamik Ghosh , Laltu Gazi , Shubham Dutta , Alexander Ledovskoy , Satyaki Bhattacharya , Shilpi Jain

The upgrade of the CMS experiment for the high luminosity operation of the LHC comprises the replacement of the current endcap calorimeter by a high granularity sampling calorimeter (HGCAL). The electromagnetic section of the HGCAL is based…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2023-05-30 B. Acar , G. Adamov , C. Adloff , S. Afanasiev , N. Akchurin , B. Akgün , M. Alhusseini , J. Alison , J. P. Figueiredo de sa Sousa de Almeida , P. G. Dias de Almeida , A. Alpana , M. Alyari , I. Andreev , U. Aras , P. Aspell , I. O. Atakisi , O. Bach , A. Baden , G. Bakas , A. Bakshi , S. Banerjee , P. DeBarbaro , P. Bargassa , D. Barney , F. Beaudette , F. Beaujean , E. Becheva , A. Becker , P. Behera , A. Belloni , T. Bergauer , M. El Berni , M. Besancon , S. Bhattacharya , S. Bhattacharya , D. Bhowmik , B. Bilki , S. Bilokin , G. C. Blazey , F. Blekman , P. Bloch , A. Bodek , M. Bonanomi , J. Bonis , A. Bonnemaison , S. Bonomally , J. Borg , F. Bouyjou , N. Bower , D. Braga , L. Brennan , E. Brianne , E. Brondolin , P. Bryant , E. Buhmann , P. Buhmann , A. Butler-Nalin , O. Bychkova , S. Callier , D. Calvet , K. Canderan , K. Cankocak , X. Cao , A. Cappati , B. Caraway , S. Caregari , C. Carty , A. Cauchois , L. Ceard , D. S. Cerci , S. Cerci , G. Cerminara , M. Chadeeva , N. Charitonidis , R. Chatterjee , J. A. Chen , Y. M. Chen , H. J. Cheng , K. Y. Cheng , H. Cheung , D. Chokheli , M. Cipriani , D. Čoko , F. Couderc , E. Cuba , M. Danilov , D. Dannheim , W. Daoud , I. Das , P. Dauncey , G. Davies , O. Davignon , E. Day , P. Debbins , M. M. Defranchis , E. Delagnes , Z. Demiragli , U. Demirbas , G. Derylo , D. Diaz , L. Diehl , P. Dinaucourt , G. G. Dincer , J. Dittmann , M. Dragicevic , S. Dugad , F. Dulucq , I. Dumanoglu , M. Dünser , S. Dutta , V. Dutta , T. K. Edberg , F. Elias , L. Emberger , S. C. Eno , Yu. Ershov , S. Extier , F. Fahim , C. Fallon , K. Sarbandi Fard , G. Fedi , L. Ferragina , L. Forthomme , E. Frahm , G. Franzoni , J. Freeman , T. French , K. Gadow , P. Gandhi , S. Ganjour , X. Gao , M. T. Ramos Garcia , A. Garcia-Bellido , E. Garutti , F. Gastaldi , D. Gastler , Z. Gecse , A. Germer , H. Gerwig , O. Gevin , S. Ghosh , A. Gilbert , W. Gilbert , K. Gill , C. Gingu , S. Gninenko , A. Golunov , I. Golutvin , B. Gonultas , N. Gorbounov , P. Göttlicher , L. Gouskos , C. Graf , A. B. Gray , C. Grieco , S. Gr\"önroos , Y. Gu , F. Guilloux , E. Gurpinar Guler , Y. Guler , E. Gülmez , J. Guo , H. Gutti , A. Hakimi , M. Hammer , O. Hartbrich , H. M. Hassanshahi , K. Hatakeyama , E. Hazen , A. Heering , V. Hegde , U. Heintz , D. Heuchel , N. Hinton , J. Hirschauer , J. Hoff , W. S. Hou , X. Hou , H. Hua , S. Huck , A. Hussain , J. Incandela , A. Irles , A. Irshad , C. Isik , S. Jain , J. Jaroslavceva , H. R. Jheng , U. Joshi , K. Kaadze , V. Kachanov , L. Kalipoliti , A. Kaminskiy , A. R. Kanuganti , Y. W. Kao , A. Kapoor , O. Kara , A. Karneyeu , O. Kałuzińska , M. Kaya , O. Kaya , Y. Kazhykharim , F. A. Khan , A. Khukhunaishvili , J. Kieseler , M. Kilpatrick , S. Kim , K. Koetz , T. Kolberg , M. Komm , O. K. Köseyan , V. Kraus , M. Krawczyk , K. Kristiansen , A. Kristić , M. Krohn , B. Kronheim , K. Krüger , S. Kulis , M. Kumar , S. Kunori , C. M. Kuo , V. Kuryatkov , J. Kvasnicka , S. Kyre , Y. Lai , K. Lamichhane , G. Landsberg , C. Lange , J. Langford , S. Laurien , M. Y. Lee , S. W. Lee , A. G. Stahl Leiton , A. Levin , A. Li , J. H. Li , Y. Y. Li , Z. Liang , H. Liao , Z. Lin , D. Lincoln , L. Linssen , R. Lipton , G. Liu , Y. Liu , A. Lobanov , V. Lohezic , D. Lomidze , R. S. Lu , S. Lu , M. Lupi , I. Lysova , A. -M. Magnan , F. Magniette , A. Mahjoub , S. Martens , M. Matysek , B. Meier , A. Malakhov , S. Mallios , I. Mandjavize , M. Mannelli , J. Mans , A. Marchioro , A. Martelli , G. Martinez , P. Masterson , M. Matthewman , S. N. Mayekar , A. David , S. Coco , B. Meng , A . Menkel , A. Mestvirishvili , G. Milella , I. Mirza , S. Moccia , G. B. Mohanty , F. Monti , F. W. Moortgat , I. Morrissey , J. Motta , S. Murthy , J. Musić , Y. Musienko , S. Nabili , M. Nguyen , A. Nikitenko , D. Noonan , D. Noonan , M. Noy , K. Nurdan , M. Wulansatiti Nursanto , C. Ochando , N. Odell , H. Okawa , Y. Onel , W. Ortez , J. Ozegović , S. Ozkorucuklu , E. Paganis , C. A. Palmer , S. Pandey , F. Pantaleo , C. Papageorgakis , I. Papakrivopoulos , M. Paranjpe , J. Parshook , N. Pastika , M. Paulini , T. Peitzmann , T. Peltola , N. Peng , A. Buchot Perraguin , P. Petiot , T. Pierre-Emile , M. Vicente Barreto Pinto , E. Popova , R. Pöschl , H. Prosper , M. Prvan , I. Puljak , S. R. Qasim , H. Qu , T. Quast , R. Quinn , M. Quinnan , A. Rane , K. K. Rao , K. Rapacz , L. Raux , W. Redjeb , M. Reinecke , M. Revering , F. Richard , A. Roberts , A. M. Sanchez , J. Rohlf , J. Rolph , T. Romanteau , M. Rosado , A. Rose , M. Rovere , A. Roy , P. Rubinov , R. Rusack , V. Rusinov , V. Ryjov , O. M. Sahin , R. Salerno , R. Saradhy , T. Sarkar , M. A. Sarkisla , J. B. Sauvan , I. Schmidt , M. Schmitt , S. Schuwalow , E. Scott , C. Seez , F. Sefkow , D. Selivanova , S. Sharma , M. Shelake , A. Shenai , R. Shukla , E. Sicking , M. De , P. Silva , P. Simkina , F. Simon , A. E. Simsek , Y. Sirois , V. Smirnov , T. J. Sobering , E. Spencer , N. Srimanobhas , A. Steen , J. Strait , N. Strobbe , X. F. Su , Y. Sudo , C. Mantilla Suarez , E. Sukhov , L. Sulak , L. Sun , P. Suryadevara , C. Syal , C. de La Taille , B. Tali , C. L. Tan , J. Tao , A. Tarabini , T. Tatli , R. Thaus , R. D. Taylor , S. Tekten , A. Thiebault , D. Thienpont , C. Tiley , E. Tiras , M. Titov , D. Tlisov , U. G. Tok , A. Kayis , J. Troska , L. S. Tsai , Z. Tsamalaidze , G. Tsipolitis , A. Tsirou , S. Undleeb , D. Urbanski , E. Uslan , V. Ustinov , A. Uzunian , J. Varela , M. Velasco , E. Vernazza , O. Viazlo , P. Vichoudis , T. Virdee , E. Voirin , M. Vojinovi\c , M. Vojinovic , A. Wade , C. Wang , C. C. Wang , D. Wang , F. Wang , X. Wang , X. Wang , Z. Wang , M. Wayne , S. N. Webb , A. Whitbeck , R. Wickwire , J. S. Wilson , H. Y. Wu , L. Wu , M. Xiao , J. Yang , C. H Yeh , R. Yohay , D. Yu , S. S. Yu , C. Yuan , Y. Miao , F. Yumiceva , I. Yusuff , A. Zabi , A. Zacharopoulou , N. Zamiatin , A. Zarubin , P. Zehetner , D. Zerwas , H. Zhang , J. Zhang , Y. Zhang , Z. Zhang , X. Zhao

The CMS experiment has been designed with a two-level trigger system: the Level-1 Trigger, implemented on custom-designed electronics, and the High Level Trigger, a streamlined version of the CMS offline reconstruction software running on a…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2020-11-19 Thiago R. F. P. Tomei

High-energy physics is facing increasingly computational challenges in real-time event reconstruction for the near-future high-luminosity era. Using the LHCb vertex detector as a use-case, we explore a new algorithm for particle track…

Machine-learning-based methods can be developed for the reconstruction of clusters in segmented detectors for high energy physics experiments. Convolutional neural networks with autoencoder architecture trained on labeled data from a…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-06-02 Kalina Dimitrova , Venelin Kozhuharov , Ruslan Nastaev , Peicho Petkov

The recent upgrade of the LHCb experiment pushes data processing rates up to 40 Tbit/s. Out of the whole reconstruction sequence, one of the most time consuming algorithms is the calorimeter reconstruction. It aims at performing a…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2022-12-22 Núria Valls Canudas , Míriam Calvo Gómez , Xavier Vilasís-Cardona , Elisabet Golobardes Ribé

The CMS Detector consists of a large volume silicon tracker immersed in a high four Tesla magnetic field, together with a high resolution/granularity electromagnetic calorimeter and a nearly full solid angle coverage hadronic calorimeter.…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2008-10-22 Joanna Weng

In the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC), one of the most challenging computational problems is expected to be finding and fitting charged-particle tracks during event reconstruction. The methods currently in use at the LHC are…

The R3B experiment at FAIR studies nuclear reactions using high-energy radioactive beams. One key detector in R3B is the CALIFA calorimeter consisting of 2544 CsI(Tl) scintillator crystals designed to detect light charged particles and…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-06-12 Tobias Jenegger , Nicole Hartman , Roman Gernhaeuser , Lukas Heinrich , Laura Fabbietti

The CMS apparatus was identified, a few years before the start of the LHC operation at CERN, to feature properties well suited to particle-flow (PF) reconstruction: a highly-segmented tracker, a fine-grained electromagnetic calorimeter, a…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2017-10-10 CMS Collaboration

Charged particle reconstruction is one the most computationally heavy components of the full event reconstruction of Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experiments. Looking to the future, projections for the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) indicate a…

The High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider at CERN will be characterized by greater pileup of events and higher occupancy, making the track reconstruction even more computationally demanding. Existing algorithms at the LHC are based on…

The Tile Calorimeter (TileCal) is the hadronic calorimeter covering the central region of the ATLAS detector at the LHC. It is a sampling calorimeter consisting of alternating thin steel plates and scintillating tiles. Wavelength shifting…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2017-09-04 Michaela Mlynarikova

We present an end-to-end reconstruction algorithm to build particle candidates from detector hits in next-generation granular calorimeters similar to that foreseen for the high-luminosity upgrade of the CMS detector. The algorithm exploits…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2022-10-03 Shah Rukh Qasim , Nadezda Chernyavskaya , Jan Kieseler , Kenneth Long , Oleksandr Viazlo , Maurizio Pierini , Raheel Nawaz

In preparation for Higgs factories and energy-frontier facilities, future colliders are moving toward high-granularity calorimeters to improve reconstruction quality. However, the cost and construction complexity of such detectors is…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2025-06-04 Nilotpal Kakati , Etienne Dreyer , Eilam Gross

A novel technique based on machine learning is introduced to reconstruct the decays of highly Lorentz-boosted particles. Using an end-to-end deep learning strategy, the technique bypasses existing rule-based particle reconstruction methods…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2023-10-04 CMS Collaboration

The particle-flow (PF) algorithm, which infers particles based on tracks and calorimeter clusters, is of central importance to event reconstruction in the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC, and has been a focus of development in light of…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2023-04-03 Farouk Mokhtar , Joosep Pata , Javier Duarte , Eric Wulff , Maurizio Pierini , Jean-Roch Vlimant