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Deep reinforcement learning (RL), where the agent learns from mistakes, has been successfully applied to a variety of tasks. With the aim of learning collision-free policies for unmanned vehicles, deep RL has been used for training with…

Recent Visual Question Answering (VQA) models have shown impressive performance on the VQA benchmark but remain sensitive to small linguistic variations in input questions. Existing approaches address this by augmenting the dataset with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Yash Kant , Abhinav Moudgil , Dhruv Batra , Devi Parikh , Harsh Agrawal

Vision-language-action models (VLAs) show potential as generalist robot policies. However, these models pose extreme safety challenges during real-world deployment, including the risk of harm to the environment, the robot itself, and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Borong Zhang , Yuhao Zhang , Jiaming Ji , Yingshan Lei , Yishuai Cai , Josef Dai , Yuanpei Chen , Yaodong Yang

Previous work on action representation learning focused on global representations for short video clips. In contrast, many practical applications, such as video alignment, strongly demand learning the intensive representation of long…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Minghao Chen , Renbo Tu , Chenxi Huang , Yuqi Lin , Boxi Wu , Deng Cai

Recent Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models built on pre-trained Vision-Language Models (VLMs) require extensive post-training, resulting in high computational overhead that limits scalability and deployment.We propose CogVLA, a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Wei Li , Renshan Zhang , Rui Shao , Jie He , Liqiang Nie

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have demonstrated strong performance in robotic manipulation, yet their closed-loop deployment is hindered by the high latency and compute cost of repeatedly running large vision-language backbones at…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Wenda Yu , Tianshi Wang , Fengling Li , Jingjing Li , Lei Zhu

Simulation offers a scalable and low-cost way to enrich vision-language-action (VLA) training, reducing reliance on expensive real-robot demonstrations. However, most sim-real co-training methods rely on supervised fine-tuning (SFT), which…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Liangzhi Shi , Shuaihang Chen , Feng Gao , Yinuo Chen , Kang Chen , Tonghe Zhang , Hongzhi Zang , Weinan Zhang , Chao Yu , Yu Wang

Recent work has shown that, when integrated with adversarial training, self-supervised pre-training can lead to state-of-the-art robustness In this work, we improve robustness-aware self-supervised pre-training by learning representations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Ziyu Jiang , Tianlong Chen , Ting Chen , Zhangyang Wang

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models show strong generalization for robotic control, but finetuning them with reinforcement learning (RL) is constrained by the high cost and safety risks of real-world interaction. Training VLA models in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Zhilong Zhang , Haoxiang Ren , Yihao Sun , Yifei Sheng , Haonan Wang , Haoxin Lin , Zhichao Wu , Pierre-Luc Bacon , Yang Yu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are powerful tools with profound societal impacts, yet their ability to generate responses to diverse and uncontrolled inputs leaves them vulnerable to adversarial attacks. While existing defenses often struggle…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Samuel Simko , Mrinmaya Sachan , Bernhard Schölkopf , Zhijing Jin

Traditional reinforcement learning (RL) generates discrete control policies, assigning one action per cycle. These policies are usually implemented as in a fixed-frequency control loop. This rigidity presents challenges as optimal control…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Dong Wang , Giovanni Beltrame

Spoken language understanding (SLU) is a fundamental task in the task-oriented dialogue systems. However, the inevitable errors from automatic speech recognition (ASR) usually impair the understanding performance and lead to error…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Xuxin Cheng , Bowen Cao , Qichen Ye , Zhihong Zhu , Hongxiang Li , Yuexian Zou

Current Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models typically treat the deepest representation of a vision-language backbone as universally optimal for action prediction. However, robotic manipulation is composed of many frequent closed-loop…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Boyang Shen , Kaixiang Yang , Hao Wang , Qiuyu Yu , Qiang Xie , Qiang Li , Zhiwei Wang

Recent progress in large-scale robotic datasets and vision-language models (VLMs) has advanced research on vision-language-action (VLA) models. However, existing VLA models still face two fundamental challenges: (i) producing precise…

A prevailing approach for learning visuomotor policies is to employ reinforcement learning to map high-dimensional visual observations directly to action commands. However, the combination of high-dimensional visual inputs and agile…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Yuhang Zhang , Jiaping Xiao , Chao Yan , Mir Feroskhan

Vision-Language Models in Continual Learning (VLM-CL) aim to continuously adapt to new multimodal tasks while retaining prior knowledge. The emerging paradigm that couples Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) with Reinforcement Learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Qiuhe Hong , Yuyang Liu , Shuo Yang , Tiantian Peng , Fei Zhu , Yonghong Tian

Robotic manipulation is a fundamental component of automation. However, traditional perception-planning pipelines often fall short in open-ended tasks due to limited flexibility, while the architecture of a single end-to-end…

Techniques that learn improved representations via offline data or self-supervised objectives have shown impressive results in traditional reinforcement learning (RL). Nevertheless, it is unclear how improved representation learning can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Vaskar Nath , Dylan Slack , Jeff Da , Yuntao Ma , Hugh Zhang , Spencer Whitehead , Sean Hendryx

Vision-Language-Action models (VLAs) are emerging as powerful tools for learning generalizable visuomotor control policies. However, current VLAs are mostly trained on large-scale image-text-action data and remain limited in two key ways:…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Wenqi Liang , Gan Sun , Yao He , Jiahua Dong , Suyan Dai , Ivan Laptev , Salman Khan , Yang Cong

In robotics, Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models that integrate diverse multimodal signals from multi-view inputs have emerged as an effective approach. However, most prior work adopts static fusion that processes all visual inputs…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Young-Chae Son , Jung-Woo Lee , Yoon-Ji Choi , Dae-Kwan Ko , Soo-Chul Lim