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Reliable evaluation is essential for developing and deploying large language models, yet in practice it often requires substantial manual effort: practitioners must identify appropriate benchmarks, reproduce heterogeneous evaluation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Chengyu Shen , Yanheng Hou , Minghui Pan , Runming He , Zhen Hao Wong , Meiyi Qiang , Zhou Liu , Hao Liang , Peichao Lai , Zeang Sheng , Wentao Zhang

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in sensitive domains, traditional data privacy measures prove inadequate for protecting information that is implicit, contextual, or inferable - what we define as semantic privacy.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Baihe Ma , Yanna Jiang , Xu Wang , Guangsheng Yu , Qin Wang , Caijun Sun , Chen Li , Xuelei Qi , Ying He , Wei Ni , Ren Ping Liu

Driven by Large Language Models, the single-agent, multi-tool architecture has become a popular paradigm for autonomous agents. However, this architecture introduces a severe privacy risk, which we term Tools Orchestration Privacy Risk…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Yuxuan Qiao , Dongqin Liu , Hongchang Yang , Wei Zhou , Songlin Hu

Third-party skills are becoming the package ecosystem for LLM agents. They package natural-language instructions, helper scripts, templates, documents, and service configuration into reusable workflows. This makes skills useful, but it also…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Haomin Zhuang , Hanwen Xing , Yujun Zhou , Yuchen Ma , Yue Huang , Yili Shen , Yufei Han , Xiangliang Zhang

The Model Context Protocol (MCP), introduced by Anthropic in November 2024 and now governed by the Linux Foundation's Agentic AI Foundation, has rapidly become the de facto standard for connecting large language model (LLM)-based agents to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Nirajan Acharya , Gaurav Kumar Gupta

Large language models (LLMs) are gaining increasing interests to improve clinical efficiency for medical diagnosis, owing to their unprecedented performance in modelling natural language. Ensuring the safe and reliable clinical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Lei Liu , Xiaoyan Yang , Fangzhou Li , Chenfei Chi , Yue Shen , Shiwei Lyu Ming Zhang , Xiaowei Ma , Xiangguo Lyu , Liya Ma , Zhiqiang Zhang , Wei Xue , Yiran Huang , Jinjie Gu

This research report addresses the absence of an actionable definition for Loss of Control (LoC) in AI systems by developing a novel taxonomy and preparedness framework. Despite increasing policy and research attention, existing LoC…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Charlotte Stix , Annika Hallensleben , Alejandro Ortega , Matteo Pistillo

Robot grasping of desktop object is widely used in intelligent manufacturing, logistics, and agriculture.Although vision-language models (VLMs) show strong potential for robotic manipulation, their deployment in low-level grasping faces key…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Yiran Ling , Wenxuan Li , Siying Dong , Yize Zhang , Xiaoyao Huang , Jing Jiang , Ruonan Li , Jie Liu

The autonomy and contextual complexity of LLM-based agents render traditional access control (AC) mechanisms insufficient. Static, rule-based systems designed for predictable environments are fundamentally ill-equipped to manage the dynamic…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Xinfeng Li , Dong Huang , Jie Li , Hongyi Cai , Zhenhong Zhou , Wei Dong , XiaoFeng Wang , Yang Liu

Computer-use agents extend language models from text generation to persistent action over tools, files, and execution environments. Unlike chat systems, they maintain state across interactions and translate intermediate outputs into…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Yunhao Feng , Yifan Ding , Yingshui Tan , Xingjun Ma , Yige Li , Yutao Wu , Yifeng Gao , Kun Zhai , Yanming Guo

Current benchmarks for AI clinician systems, often based on multiple-choice exams or manual rubrics, fail to capture the depth, robustness, and safety required for real-world clinical practice. To address this, we introduce the GAPS…

As LLMs are increasingly deployed as agents, reliable assessment of their agentic capabilities has become essential. However, reported benchmark scores often jointly reflect model capability and the implementation choices each benchmark is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Pengyu Zhu , Lijun Li , Yaxing Lyu , Qianxin Luo , Jingyi Yang , Yi Liu , Tingfeng Hui , Xinyu Yuan , Li Sun , Sen Su , Jing Shao

As autonomous AI agents are increasingly deployed in high-stakes environments, ensuring their safety and alignment with human values is becoming a practical deployment concern. Current benchmarks for AI agents primarily evaluate refusal of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Miles Q. Li , Benjamin C. M. Fung , Martin Weiss , Pulei Xiong , Khalil Al-Hussaeni , Claude Fachkha

Agentic AI systems plan, use tools, maintain state, and act across multi-step workflows with external effects, meaning trustworthy deployment can no longer be judged by task completion alone. The current literature remains fragmented across…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Christopher Koch , Joshua Andreas Wellbrock

Large language model (LLM) agents face a structural tension: cloud agents provide strong reasoning but expose user data, while on-device agents preserve privacy at the cost of overall capability. Existing device-cloud designs treat this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Liangqi Yuan , Wenzhi Fang , Shiqiang Wang , Christopher G. Brinton

Large language model agents now act on codebases, browsers, operating systems, calendars, files, and tool ecosystems, but their evaluations often collapse behavior into final task success. AgentAtlas reframes agent evaluation as a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Parsa Mazaheri , Kasra Mazaheri

Multi-agent systems (MAS) powered by LLMs promise adaptive, reasoning-driven enterprise workflows, yet granting agents autonomous control over tools, memory, and communication introduces attack surfaces absent from deterministic pipelines.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Shaswata Mitra , Raj Patel , Sudip Mittal , Md Rayhanur Rahman , Shahram Rahimi

Modern Security Operations Centers struggle with alert fatigue, fragmented tooling, and limited cross-source event correlation. Challenges that current Security Information Event Management and Extended Detection and Response systems only…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Anes Abdennebi , Nadjia Kara , Laaziz Lahlou , Hakima Ould-Slimane

In Agentic AI, Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used in the orchestration layer to coordinate multiple agents and to interact with external services, retrieval components, and shared memory. In this setting, failures are not…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Ciprian Paduraru , Petru-Liviu Bouruc , Alin Stefanescu

AI agents using Large Language Models (LLMs) as foundations have shown promise in solving complex real-world tasks. In this paper, we propose an LLM-based agentic workflow for automating Standard Operating Procedures (SOP). For customer…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Mandar Kulkarni