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The electrical resistivity of liquid hydrogen has been measured at the high dynamic pressures, densities and temperatures that can be achieved with a reverberating shock wave. The resulting data are most naturally interpreted in terms of a…
Ultrafast relaxation dynamics of an athermal electron distribution is investigated in silver films using a femtosecond pump-probe technique with 18 fs pulses in off-resonant conditions. The results yield evidence for an increase with time…
In the absence of disorder, electrons can display glassy behavior through supercooling the liquid state, avoiding the solidification into a charge ordered state. Such supercooled electron liquids are experimentally found in organic…
A magnetite (Fe3O4) single crystal (111) surface has been studied at various oxygen-iron surface stoichiometries. The stoichiometry was modified by controlling the in-situ sample anneal conditions. We have found the conditions that lead to…
When liquids are classified using Tg -scaled Arrhenius plots of relaxation times (or relative rates of entropy increase above Tg) across a "strong-fragile" spectrum of behaviors, the "strong" liquids have always appeared rather…
Helium is generally understood to be chemically inert and this is due to its extremely stable closed-shell electronic configuration, zero electron affinity and an unsurpassed ionization potential. It is not known to form thermodynamically…
In clouds of suspended particles (grains, droplets, spheres, crystals, etc.), collisions electrify the particles and the clouds, producing large electric potential differences over large scales. This is seen most spectacularly in the…
The major chemical feature of an element is the number of electrons available for forming chemical bonds. A doctrine rooted in the atomic shell model states that the atoms will maintain a complete inner shell while interacting with other…
The molecular phase of hydrogen converts to the atomic metallic phase at high pressures estimated usually as 300 - 500 GPa. We analyze the decay of metallic phase as the pressure is relieved below the transition one. The metallic state is…
Binary hydrides formed by the pnictogens of phosphorus, arsenic and antimony are studied at high pressures using first principles methods. Stable structures are predicted and their electronic, vibrational and superconducting properties are…
We predict that superconducting particles will show an apparent increase in thickness at low temperatures when measured by electron holography. This will result not from a real thickness increase, rather from an increase in the mean inner…
High pressure structures, phase diagram and superconductivity of polonium hydrides have been systematically investigated through the first-principles calculations based on the density functional theory. With the increasing pressure, several…
High energy density is always a key goal for developments of energy storage or energetic materials (EMs). Except exploring novel EMs with high chemical energy, it is also desirable if the traditional EMs could be assembled at a higher…
When a three-dimensional electron gas is subjected to a very strong magnetic field, it can reach a quasi-one-dimensional state in which all electrons occupy the lowest Landau level. This state is referred to as the extreme quantum limit…
The spatial distribution of the internal pressure of an electron fluid, which spontaneously arises at the formation of a molecule or a crystal, is linked to the main features of chemical bonding in molecular crystals. The local pressure is…
A novel method invented to measure the minute thermodynamic spin magnetization of dilute two dimensional fermions is applied to electrons in a silicon inversion layer. Interplay between the ferromagnetic interaction and disorder enhances…
A systematic electronic structure analysis was conducted for M(L)$_n$ molecular electrides and their corresponding alkalide units M(L)$_n$M' (M/M' = Na, K and L = Tren, Azacryptand, TriPip222 and $n$ = 1, 2). All complexes belong to the…
Electrode-electrolyte interfaces are crucial for electrochemical energy conversion and storage. At these interfaces, the liquid electrolytes form electrical double layers (EDLs). However, despite more than a century of active research, the…
The modern means of controlled irradiation by femtosecond lasers or swift heavy ion beams can transiently produce such energy densities in samples that reach collective electronic excitation levels of the warm dense matter state where the…
We describe the ``electrolubrication'' occurring in liquid mixtures confined between two charged surfaces. For a mixture of two liquids, the effective viscosity decreases markedly in the presence of a field. The origin of this reduction is…