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Reward models are pivotal for aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) with human preferences. Existing approaches face two key limitations: Discriminative reward models require large-scale annotated data, as they cannot exploit the preference…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Yongfu Xue

Aligning large language models with human preferences has emerged as a critical focus in language modeling research. Yet, integrating preference learning into Text-to-Image (T2I) generative models is still relatively uncharted territory.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Yi Gu , Zhendong Wang , Yueqin Yin , Yujia Xie , Mingyuan Zhou

While diffusion-based image restoration (IR) methods have achieved remarkable success, they are still limited by the low inference speed attributed to the necessity of executing hundreds or even thousands of sampling steps. Existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Zongsheng Yue , Jianyi Wang , Chen Change Loy

Aligning text-to-image (T2I) diffusion models with human preferences has emerged as a critical research challenge. While recent advances in this area have extended preference optimization techniques from large language models (LLMs) to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Junyong Kang , Seohyun Lim , Kyungjune Baek , Hyunjung Shim

Personalizing a large-scale pretrained Text-to-Image (T2I) diffusion model is challenging as it typically struggles to make an appropriate trade-off between its training data distribution and the target distribution, i.e., learning a novel…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Shangyu Chen , Zizheng Pan , Jianfei Cai , Dinh Phung

Recent studies have demonstrated significant progress in aligning text-to-image diffusion models with human preference via Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback. However, while existing methods achieve high scores on automated reward…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Chubin Chen , Sujie Hu , Jiashu Zhu , Meiqi Wu , Jintao Chen , Yanxun Li , Nisha Huang , Chengyu Fang , Jiahong Wu , Xiangxiang Chu , Xiu Li

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have become essential backbones of modern multimodal intelligence, yet their outputs remain prone to hallucination-plausible text misaligned with visual inputs. Existing alignment approaches often rely on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Kejia Chen , Jiawen Zhang , Jiacong Hu , Kewei Gao , Jian Lou , Zunlei Feng , Mingli Song

Recent text-to-image (T2I) diffusion models have achieved remarkable advancement, yet faithfully following complex textual descriptions remains challenging due to insufficient interactions between textual and visual features. Prior…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Binglei Li , Mengping Yang , Zhiyu Tan , Junping Zhang , Hao Li

Denoising diffusion models have been a mainstream approach for image generation, however, training these models often suffers from slow convergence. In this paper, we discovered that the slow convergence is partly due to conflicting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Tiankai Hang , Shuyang Gu , Chen Li , Jianmin Bao , Dong Chen , Han Hu , Xin Geng , Baining Guo

Recent strides in the development of diffusion models, exemplified by advancements such as Stable Diffusion, have underscored their remarkable prowess in generating visually compelling images. However, the imperative of achieving a seamless…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Xiefan Guo , Jinlin Liu , Miaomiao Cui , Jiankai Li , Hongyu Yang , Di Huang

Machine unlearning in text-to-image diffusion models aims to remove targeted concepts while preserving overall utility. Prior diffusion unlearning methods typically rely on supervised weight edits or global penalties; reinforcement-learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Mykola Vysotskyi , Zahar Kohut , Mariia Shpir , Taras Rumezhak , Volodymyr Karpiv

Diffusion models have become a central paradigm for image and multimodal generation, yet their deployment raises persistent questions about alignment, safety, preference satisfaction, and robustness to misuse. This survey reviews recent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Preeti Lamba , Kiran Ravish , Ankita Kushwaha , Pawan Kumar

Reinforcement learning fine-tuning has become the dominant approach for aligning diffusion models with human preferences. However, assessing images is intrinsically a multi-dimensional task, and multiple evaluation criteria need to be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Canyu Zhao , Hao Chen , Yunze Tong , Yu Qiao , Jiacheng Li , Chunhua Shen

Text-to-image diffusion models have recently emerged at the forefront of image generation, powered by very large-scale unsupervised or weakly supervised text-to-image training datasets. Due to their unsupervised training, controlling their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Mihir Prabhudesai , Anirudh Goyal , Deepak Pathak , Katerina Fragkiadaki

Diffusion models have been widely studied for removing unsafe content learned during pre-training. Existing methods require expensive supervised data, either unsafe-text paired with safe-image groundtruth or negative/positive image pairs,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Komal Kumar , Ankan Deria , Abhishek Basu , Fahad Shamshad , Hisham Cholakkal , Karthik Nandakumar

Video moment retrieval and highlight detection have received attention in the current era of video content proliferation, aiming to localize moments and estimate clip relevances based on user-specific queries. Given that the video content…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Henghao Zhao , Kevin Qinghong Lin , Rui Yan , Zechao Li

Diffusion models have achieved remarkable progress in image generation, but their increasing deployment raises serious concerns about privacy. In particular, fine-tuned models are highly vulnerable, as they are often fine-tuned on small and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Puwei Lian , Yujun Cai , Songze Li , Bingkun Bao

Reinforcement learning (RL) has become a standard approach for post-training large language models and, more recently, for improving image generation models, which uses reward functions to enhance generation quality and human preference…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Yunqi Hong , Kuei-Chun Kao , Hengguang Zhou , Cho-Jui Hsieh

We present MILO (Metric for Image- and Latent-space Optimization), a lightweight, multiscale, perceptual metric for full-reference image quality assessment (FR-IQA). MILO is trained using pseudo-MOS (Mean Opinion Score) supervision, in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Uğur Çoğalan , Mojtaba Bemana , Karol Myszkowski , Hans-Peter Seidel , Colin Groth

Recent research has shown that fine-tuning diffusion models (DMs) with arbitrary rewards, including non-differentiable ones, is feasible with reinforcement learning (RL) techniques, enabling flexible model alignment. However, applying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Zhiwei Jia , Yuesong Nan , Huixi Zhao , Gengdai Liu
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