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In sequential decision-making environments, the primary approaches for training agents are Reinforcement Learning (RL) and Imitation Learning (IL). Unlike RL, which relies on modeling a reward function, IL leverages expert demonstrations,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Jonas Nüßlein , Maximilian Zorn , Philipp Altmann , Claudia Linnhoff-Popien

Sample efficiency is critical when applying learning-based methods to robotic manipulation due to the high cost of collecting expert demonstrations and the challenges of on-robot policy learning through online Reinforcement Learning (RL).…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Arsh Tangri , Ondrej Biza , Dian Wang , David Klee , Owen Howell , Robert Platt

Offline-to-online reinforcement learning (RL) improves sample efficiency by leveraging pre-collected datasets prior to online interaction. A key challenge, however, is learning an accurate critic in large state--action spaces with limited…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Andrew Choi , Wei Xu

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) learns policies entirely from static datasets, thereby avoiding the challenges associated with online data collection. Practical applications of offline RL will inevitably require learning from datasets…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Anikait Singh , Aviral Kumar , Quan Vuong , Yevgen Chebotar , Sergey Levine

We consider an offline reinforcement learning (RL) setting where the agent need to learn from a dataset collected by rolling out multiple behavior policies. There are two challenges for this setting: 1) The optimal trade-off between…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-12-06 Yuanying Cai , Chuheng Zhang , Li Zhao , Wei Shen , Xuyun Zhang , Lei Song , Jiang Bian , Tao Qin , Tieyan Liu

We investigate robustness to strong data corruption in offline sparse reinforcement learning (RL). In our setting, an adversary may arbitrarily perturb a fraction of the collected trajectories from a high-dimensional but sparse Markov…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-13 Nam Phuong Tran , Andi Nika , Goran Radanovic , Long Tran-Thanh , Debmalya Mandal

The tremendous success of behavior cloning (BC) in robotic manipulation has been largely confined to tasks where demonstrations can be effectively collected through human teleoperation. However, demonstrations for contact-rich manipulation…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Huaijiang Zhu , Tong Zhao , Xinpei Ni , Jiuguang Wang , Kuan Fang , Ludovic Righetti , Tao Pang

Safe reinforcement learning (RL) trains a constraint satisfaction policy by interacting with the environment. We aim to tackle a more challenging problem: learning a safe policy from an offline dataset. We study the offline safe RL problem…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Zuxin Liu , Zijian Guo , Yihang Yao , Zhepeng Cen , Wenhao Yu , Tingnan Zhang , Ding Zhao

Imitation of expert behaviour is a highly desirable and safe approach to the problem of sequential decision making. We provide an easy-to-implement, novel algorithm for imitation learning under a strict data paradigm, in which the agent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Matthew Smith , Lucas Maystre , Zhenwen Dai , Kamil Ciosek

Offline reinforcement learning (offline RL) algorithms often require additional constraints or penalty terms to address distribution shift issues, such as adding implicit or explicit policy constraints during policy optimization to reduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Ranting Hu

Many modern approaches to offline Reinforcement Learning (RL) utilize behavior regularization, typically augmenting a model-free actor critic algorithm with a penalty measuring divergence of the policy from the offline data. In this work,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-16 Ilya Kostrikov , Jonathan Tompson , Rob Fergus , Ofir Nachum

Residual Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a popular approach for adapting pretrained policies by learning a lightweight residual policy that provides corrective actions. While Residual RL is more sample-efficient than finetuning the entire…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Lakshita Dodeja , Karl Schmeckpeper , Shivam Vats , Thomas Weng , Mingxi Jia , George Konidaris , Stefanie Tellex

Offline reinforcement learning is used to train policies in scenarios where real-time access to the environment is expensive or impossible. As a natural consequence of these harsh conditions, an agent may lack the resources to fully observe…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-09 Jayanth Reddy Regatti , Aniket Anand Deshmukh , Frank Cheng , Young Hun Jung , Abhishek Gupta , Urun Dogan

In offline reinforcement learning, a policy needs to be learned from a single pre-collected dataset. Typically, policies are thus regularized during training to behave similarly to the data generating policy, by adding a penalty based on a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-13 Phillip Swazinna , Steffen Udluft , Daniel Hein , Thomas Runkler

Animal health monitoring and population management are critical aspects of wildlife conservation and livestock management that increasingly rely on automated detection and tracking systems. While Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) based systems…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Nisha Pillai , Aditi Virupakshaiah , Harrison W. Smith , Amanda J. Ashworth , Prasanna Gowda , Phillip R. Owens , Adam R. Rivers , Bindu Nanduri , Mahalingam Ramkumar

Safe Reinforcement Learning (RL) aims to find a policy that achieves high rewards while satisfying cost constraints. When learning from scratch, safe RL agents tend to be overly conservative, which impedes exploration and restrains the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Jinning Li , Xinyi Liu , Banghua Zhu , Jiantao Jiao , Masayoshi Tomizuka , Chen Tang , Wei Zhan

It is known that reinforcement learning (RL) is data-hungry. To improve sample-efficiency of RL, it has been proposed that the learning algorithm utilize data from 'approximately similar' processes. However, since the process models are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Vinay Kanakeri , Shivam Bajaj , Ashwin Verma , Vijay Gupta , Aritra Mitra

Real-world offline datasets are often subject to data corruptions (such as noise or adversarial attacks) due to sensor failures or malicious attacks. Despite advances in robust offline reinforcement learning (RL), existing methods struggle…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Rui Yang , Jie Wang , Guoping Wu , Bin Li

The goal of reinforcement learning (RL) is to let an agent learn an optimal control policy in an unknown environment so that future expected rewards are maximized. The model-free RL approach directly learns the policy based on data samples.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2013-07-22 Syogo Mori , Voot Tangkaratt , Tingting Zhao , Jun Morimoto , Masashi Sugiyama

This study presents a benchmark for evaluating action-constrained reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms. In action-constrained RL, each action taken by the learning system must comply with certain constraints. These constraints are crucial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-30 Kazumi Kasaura , Shuwa Miura , Tadashi Kozuno , Ryo Yonetani , Kenta Hoshino , Yohei Hosoe