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Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) with zeroth-order (ZO) optimization reduces memory by approximating gradients through function evaluations. However, existing methods essentially perform updates in a one-dimensional space, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Jian Feng , Zhihong Huang

We propose a novel constrained Bayesian Optimization (BO) algorithm optimizing the design process of Laterally-Diffused Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (LDMOS) transistors while realizing a target Breakdown Voltage (BV). We convert the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Ping-Ju Chuang , Ali Saadat , Sara Ghazvini , Hal Edwards , William G. Vandenberghe

Bayesian optimization (BO) is a model-based approach to sequentially optimize expensive black-box functions, such as the validation error of a deep neural network with respect to its hyperparameters. In many real-world scenarios, the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-10-17 Valerio Perrone , Iaroslav Shcherbatyi , Rodolphe Jenatton , Cedric Archambeau , Matthias Seeger

Fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) has become a crucial technique for adapting pre-trained models to downstream tasks. However, the enormous size of LLMs poses significant challenges in terms of computational complexity and resource…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Yifei Zhang , Hao Zhu , Aiwei Liu , Han Yu , Piotr Koniusz , Irwin King

Bayesian optimization (BO) is a popular approach for sample-efficient optimization of black-box objective functions. While BO has been successfully applied to a wide range of scientific applications, traditional approaches to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-04 Natalie Maus , Kaiwen Wu , David Eriksson , Jacob Gardner

Bayesian Optimization (BO) has been recognized for its effectiveness in optimizing expensive and complex objective functions. Recent advancements in Latent Bayesian Optimization (LBO) have shown promise by integrating generative models such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Seunghun Lee , Jinyoung Park , Jaewon Chu , Minseo Yoon , Hyunwoo J. Kim

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) with low-rank adaptation (LoRA) is a cost-effective way to incorporate information from a specific dataset. However, when a problem requires incorporating information from multiple datasets - as in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Liyi Zhang , Jake Snell , Thomas L. Griffiths

Unsupervised and semi-supervised ML methods such as variational autoencoders (VAE) have become widely adopted across multiple areas of physics, chemistry, and materials sciences due to their capability in disentangling representations and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-04 Arpan Biswas , Rama Vasudevan , Maxim Ziatdinov , Sergei V. Kalinin

Bayesian Last Layer (BLL) models focus solely on uncertainty in the output layer of neural networks, demonstrating comparable performance to more complex Bayesian models. However, the use of Gaussian priors for last layer weights in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Jian Xu , Zhiqi Lin , Shigui Li , Min Chen , Junmei Yang , Delu Zeng , John Paisley

Bayesian Optimization (BO) for the minimization of expensive functions of continuous variables uses all the knowledge acquired from previous samples (${\boldsymbol x}_i$ and $f({\boldsymbol x}_i)$ values) to build a surrogate model based on…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-05-15 Roberto Battiti , Mauro Brunato

The present paper proposes a Bayesian framework for inverse problems that seamlessly integrates optimization and inversion to enable rapid surrogate modeling, accurate parameter inference, and rigorous uncertainty quantification. Bayesian…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Mihaela Chiappetta , Massimo Carraturo , Alexander Raßloff , Markus Kästner , Ferdinando Auricchio

Bayesian Optimization is a popular tool for tuning algorithms in automatic machine learning (AutoML) systems. Current state-of-the-art methods leverage Random Forests or Gaussian processes to build a surrogate model that predicts algorithm…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-08 Jeroen van Hoof , Joaquin Vanschoren

Bayesian optimization (BO) is a powerful paradigm for efficient optimization of black-box objective functions. High-dimensional BO presents a particular challenge, in part because the curse of dimensionality makes it difficult to define --…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-11 David Eriksson , Martin Jankowiak

Glioblastoma is profoundly heterogeneous in microstructure and vasculature, which may lead to tumor regional diversity and distinct treatment response. Although successful in tumor sub-region segmentation and survival prediction, radiomics…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-30 Yifan Li , Chao Li , Stephen Price , Carola-Bibiane Schönlieb , Xi Chen

Optimizing an expensive-to-query function is a common task in science and engineering, where it is beneficial to keep the number of queries to a minimum. A popular strategy is Bayesian optimization (BO), which leverages probabilistic models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-05 Willie Neiswanger , Kirthevasan Kandasamy , Barnabas Poczos , Jeff Schneider , Eric Xing

Bayesian optimization (BO) provides a powerful framework for optimizing black-box, expensive-to-evaluate functions. It is therefore an attractive tool for engineering design problems, typically involving multiple objectives. Thanks to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Navid Ansari , Alireza Javanmardi , Eyke Hüllermeier , Hans-Peter Seidel , Vahid Babaei

Surrogate models provide a quick-to-evaluate approximation to complex computational models and are essential for multi-query problems like design optimisation. The inputs of current deterministic computational models are usually…

Applications · Statistics 2024-10-15 Thomas A. Archbold , Ieva Kazlauskaite , Fehmi Cirak

In many real-world optimization problems, we have prior information about what objective function values are achievable. In this paper, we study the scenario that we have either exact knowledge of the minimum value or a, possibly inexact,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Hanyang Wang , Juergen Branke , Matthias Poloczek

Bayesian optimization has recently attracted the attention of the automatic machine learning community for its excellent results in hyperparameter tuning. BO is characterized by the sample efficiency with which it can optimize expensive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-07-19 Ruben Martinez-Cantin , Michael McCourt , Kevin Tee

Bayesian Optimisation (BO) methods seek to find global optima of objective functions which are only available as a black-box or are expensive to evaluate. Such methods construct a surrogate model for the objective function, quantifying the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-01-10 Enrico Crovini , Simon L. Cotter , Konstantinos Zygalakis , Andrew B. Duncan
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