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Many model-based reinforcement learning (RL) methods follow a similar template: fit a model to previously observed data, and then use data from that model for RL or planning. However, models that achieve better training performance (e.g.,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Benjamin Eysenbach , Alexander Khazatsky , Sergey Levine , Ruslan Salakhutdinov

Building speech deepfake detection models that are generalizable to unseen attacks remains a challenging problem. Although the field has shifted toward a pre-training and fine-tuning paradigm using speech foundation models, most approaches…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-04 Xin Wang , Ge Wanying , Junichi Yamagishi

Recent research has highlighted the risk of generative model collapse, where performance progressively degrades when continually trained on self-generated data. However, existing exploration on model collapse is limited to single, unimodal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Zizhao Hu , Mohammad Rostami , Jesse Thomason

Few-step diffusion models enable efficient high-resolution image synthesis but struggle to align with specific downstream objectives due to limitations of existing reinforcement learning (RL) methods in low-step regimes with limited state…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Ziyi Zhang , Li Shen , Sen Zhang , Deheng Ye , Yong Luo , Miaojing Shi , Dongjing Shan , Bo Du , Dacheng Tao

Reinforcement Learning (RL) agents deployed in real-world environments face degradation from sensor faults, actuator wear, and environmental shifts, yet lack intrinsic mechanisms to detect and diagnose these failures. We present an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Cameron Reid , Wael Hafez , Amirhossein Nazeri

We present Residual Policy Learning (RPL): a simple method for improving nondifferentiable policies using model-free deep reinforcement learning. RPL thrives in complex robotic manipulation tasks where good but imperfect controllers are…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-01-04 Tom Silver , Kelsey Allen , Josh Tenenbaum , Leslie Kaelbling

Mean Field Control Games (MFCGs) provide a powerful theoretical framework for analyzing systems of infinitely many interacting agents, blending elements from Mean Field Games (MFGs) and Mean Field Control (MFC). However, solving the coupled…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Nianli Peng , Yilin Wang

In heterogeneous scenarios where the data distribution amongst the Federated Learning (FL) participants is Non-Independent and Identically distributed (Non-IID), FL suffers from the well known problem of data heterogeneity. This leads the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Fatima Abacha , Sin G. Teo , Lucas C. Cordeiro , Mustafa A. Mustafa

Deep reinforcement learning has led to several recent breakthroughs, though the learned policies are often based on black-box neural networks. This makes them difficult to interpret and to impose desired specification constraints during…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-05 Surya Bhupatiraju , Kumar Krishna Agrawal , Rishabh Singh

The rapid rise of synthetic media has made deepfake detection a critical challenge for online safety and trust. Progress remains constrained by the scarcity of large, high-quality datasets. Although multimodal large language models (LLMs)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Tuan Nguyen , Naseem Khan , Khang Tran , NhatHai Phan , Issa Khalil

What are the limits of controlling language models via synthetic training data? We develop a reinforcement learning (RL) primitive, the Dataset Policy Gradient (DPG), which can precisely optimize synthetic data generators to produce a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Tristan Thrush , Sung Min Park , Herman Brunborg , Luke Bailey , Marcel Roed , Neil Band , Christopher Potts , Tatsunori Hashimoto

Uncertainties in transition dynamics pose a critical challenge in reinforcement learning (RL), often resulting in performance degradation of trained policies when deployed on hardware. Many robust RL approaches follow two strategies:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Xulin Chen , Ruipeng Liu , Zhenyu Gan , Garrett E. Katz

Autoregressive (AR) models are highly effective for image generation, yet their standard maximum-likelihood estimation training lacks direct optimization for sample quality and diversity. While reinforcement learning (RL) has been used to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Orhun Buğra Baran , Melih Kandemir , Ramazan Gokberk Cinbis

Aligning large language models (LLMs) on domain-specific data remains a fundamental challenge. Supervised fine-tuning (SFT) offers a straightforward way to inject domain knowledge but often degrades the model's generality. In contrast,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Linxuan Xia , Xiaolong Yang , Yongyuan Chen , Enyue Zhao , Deng Cai , Yasheng Wang , Boxi Wu

Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) has been positioned by recent literature as the canonical method for the RL part of Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF). PPO performs well empirically but has a heuristic motivation and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Dipan Maity

The effectiveness of Reinforcement Learning (RL) in Large Language Models (LLMs) depends on the nature and diversity of the data used before and during RL. In particular, reasoning problems can often be approached in multiple ways that rely…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Aswin RRV , Jacob Dineen , Divij Handa , Mihir Parmar , Ben Zhou , Swaroop Mishra , Chitta Baral

In mathematical reasoning, data selection strategies predominantly rely on static, externally defined metrics, which fail to adapt to the evolving capabilities of models during training. This misalignment limits the efficiency of Supervised…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Jun Rao , Xuebo Liu , Hexuan Deng , Zepeng Lin , Zixiong Yu , Jiansheng Wei , Xiaojun Meng , Min Zhang

Large language model (LLM)-based agents are increasingly trained with reinforcement learning (RL) to enhance their ability to interact with external environments through tool use, particularly in search-based settings that require…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Guoqing Wang , Sunhao Dai , Guangze Ye , Zeyu Gan , Wei Yao , Yong Deng , Xiaofeng Wu , Zhenzhe Ying

In the context of Federated Reinforcement Learning (FRL), applying Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) faces challenges related to the update order of its actor and critic due to the aggregation step occurring between successive iterations.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Zhijie Xie , Shenghui Song

We investigate the usage of Large Language Model (LLM) in collecting high-quality data to warm-start Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms for learning in some classical Markov Decision Process (MDP) environments. In this work, we focus on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Thang Duong , Minglai Yang , Chicheng Zhang