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The previous decade saw the discovery of the first four known interstellar objects due to advances in astronomical viewing equipment. Future sky surveys with greater sensitivity will allow for more frequent detections of such objects,…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-03-28 Carson Ezell , Abraham Loeb

The recently discovered population of interstellar objects presents us with the opportunity to characterize material from extrasolar planetary and stellar systems up close. The forthcoming Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-02-01 Devin J. Hoover , Darryl Z. Seligman , Matthew J. Payne

The upcoming commencement of the Vera C. Rubin Observatory's Legacy Survey of Space of Time (LSST) will greatly enhance the discovery rate of interstellar objects (ISOs). `Oumuamua and Borisov were the first two ISOs confirmed in the Solar…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-12-14 Amir Siraj , Abraham Loeb

The development of the observing strategy for the Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) requires a broad optimization across science cases inside and outside of time-domain astronomy. We introduce a novel metric…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-16 Yu-Qian , Ouyang , Alex I. Malz , Ming Lian , Shar Daniels , Federica Bianco , Mathilda Nilsson

The Vera C. Rubin Legacy Survey of Space and Time holds the potential to revolutionize time domain astrophysics, reaching completely unexplored areas of the Universe and mapping variability time scales from minutes to a decade. To prepare…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2022-08-10 Kelly M. Hambleton , Federica B. Bianco , Rachel Street , Keaton Bell , David Buckley , Melissa Graham , Nina Hernitschek , Michael B. Lund , Elena Mason , Joshua Pepper , Andrej Prsa , Markus Rabus , Claudia M. Raiteri , Robert Szabo , Paula Szkody , Igor Andreoni , Simone Antoniucci , Barbara Balmaverde , Eric Bellm , Rosaria Bonito , Giuseppe Bono , Maria Teresa Botticella , Enzo Brocato , Katja Bucar Bricman , Enrico Cappellaro , Maria Isabel Carnerero , Ryan Chornock , Riley Clarke , Phil Cowperthwaite , Antonino Cucchiara , Filippo D'Ammando , Kristen C. Dage , Massimo Dall'Ora , James R. A. Davenport , Domitilla de Martino , Giulia de Somma , Marcella Di Criscienzo , Rosanne Di Stefano , Maria Drout , Michele Fabrizio , Giuliana Fiorentino , Poshak Gandhi , Alessia Garofalo , Teresa Giannini , Andreja Gomboc , Laura Greggio , Patrick Hartigan , Markus Hundertmark , Elizabeth Johnson , Michael Johnson , Tomislav Jurkic , Somayeh Khakpash , Silvio Leccia , Xiaolong Li , Davide Magurno , Konstantin Malanchev , Marcella Marconi , Raffaella Margutti , Silvia Marinoni , Nicolas Mauron , Roberto Molinaro , Anais Moller , Marc Moniez , Tatiana Muraveva , Ilaria Musella , Chow-Choong Ngeow , Andrea Pastorello , Vincenzo Petrecca , Silvia Piranomonte , Fabio Ragosta , Andrea Reguitti , Chiara Righi , Vincenzo Ripepi , Liliana Rivera Sandoval , Keivan G. Stassun , Michael Stroh , Giacomo Terreran , Virginia Trimble , Yiannis Tsapras , Sjoert van Velzen , Laura Venuti , Jorick S. Vink

Interstellar object (ISO) astronomy has rapidly emerged over the past decade as a new frontier in planetary astrophysics, yet current observations remain limited by short visibility windows, inference degeneracies and fragmented follow-up…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-30 Oem Trivedi , Abraham Loeb

The Legacy Survey of Space and Time, to be conducted with the Vera C. Rubin Observatory, is poised to revolutionize our understanding of the Solar System by providing an unprecedented wealth of data on various objects, including the elusive…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-12-04 Richard Cloete , Peter Vereš , Abraham Loeb

The discovery of two interstellar objects passing through the Solar System, 1I/`Oumuamua and 2I/Borisov, implies that a galactic population exists with a spatial number density of order $\sim0.1$ au$^{-3}$. The forthcoming Rubin Observatory…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-10-27 Dušan Marčeta , Darryl Z. Seligman

The Vera C. Rubin Observatory is expected to increase interstellar object (ISO) detections from a few over the past decade to potentially one per few months, demanding a systematic classification scheme. We present the Loeb Scale, formally…

Popular Physics · Physics 2025-08-14 Omer Eldadi , Gershon Tenenbaum , Abraham Loeb

The Vera C. Rubin Observatory will advance many areas of astronomy over the next decade with its unique wide-fast-deep multi-color imaging survey, the Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST). The LSST will produce approximately 20TB of raw…

Perhaps the most exciting promise of the Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) is its capability to discover phenomena never before seen or predicted from theory: true astrophysical novelties, but the ability of LSST to…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2022-01-05 Xiaolong Li , Fabio Ragosta , William I. Clarkson , Federica B. Bianco

The commissioning team for the Vera C. Rubin observatory is planning a set of engineering and science verification observations with the Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) commissioning camera and then the Rubin Observatory LSST Camera.…

Vera C. Rubin Observatory will be a key facility for small body science in planetary astronomy over the next decade. It will carry out the Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST), observing the sky repeatedly in u, g, r, i, z, and y over the…

The Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) at Vera C. Rubin Observatory is planned to begin in the Fall of 2025. The LSST survey cadence has been designed via a community-driven process regulated by the Survey Cadence Optimization Committee…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-11-08 Igor Andreoni , Raffaella Margutti , John Banovetz , Sarah Greenstreet , Claire-Alice Hebert , Tim Lister , Antonella Palmese , Silvia Piranomonte , S. J. Smartt , Graham P. Smith , Robert Stein , Tomas Ahumada , Shreya Anand , Katie Auchettl , Michele T. Bannister , Eric C. Bellm , Joshua S. Bloom , Bryce T. Bolin , Clecio R. Bom , Daniel Brethauer , Melissa J. Brucker , David A. H. Buckley , Poonam Chandra , Ryan Chornock , Eric Christensen , Jeff Cooke , Alessandra Corsi , Michael W. Coughlin , Bolivia Cuevas-Otahola , D'Ammando Filippo , Biwei Dai , S. Dhawan , Alexei V. Filippenko , Ryan J. Foley , Anna Franckowiak , Andreja Gomboc , Benjamin P. Gompertz , Leanne P. Guy , Nandini Hazra , Christopher Hernandez , Griffin Hosseinzadeh , Maryam Hussaini , Dina Ibrahimzade , Luca Izzo , R. Lynne Jones , Yijung Kang , Mansi M. Kasliwal , Matthew Knight , Keerthi Kunnumkai , Gavin P Lamb , Natalie LeBaron , Cassandra Lejoly , Andrew J. Levan , Sean MacBride , Franco Mallia , Alex I. Malz , Adam A. Miller , J. C. Mora , Gautham Narayan , Nayana A. J. , Matt Nicholl , Tiffany Nichols , S. R. Oates , Akshay Panayada , Fabio Ragosta , Tiago Ribeiro , Dan Ryczanowski , Nikhil Sarin , Megan E. Schwamb , Huei Sears , Darryl Z. Seligman , Ritwik Sharma , Manisha Shrestha , Simran , Michael C. Stroh , Giacomo Terreran , Aishwarya Linesh Thakur , Aum Trivedi , J. Anthony Tyson , Yousuke Utsumi , Aprajita Verma , V. Ashley Villar , Kathryn Volk , Meet J. Vyas , Amanda R. Wasserman , J. Craig Wheeler , Peter Yoachim , Angela Zegarelli , Federica Bianco

For the first time in history, humans have reached the point where it is possible to construct a revolutionary space-based observatory that has the capability to find dozens of Earth-like worlds, and possibly some with signs of life. This…

The Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) that will be carried out by the NSF-DOE Vera C. Rubin Observatory promises to be the defining survey of the next decade, supplying unprecedented access to the night sky to static science- and…

The Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) dataset will dramatically alter our understanding of the Universe, from the origins of the Solar System to the nature of dark matter and dark energy. Much of this research…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2022-08-05 Katelyn Breivik , Andrew J. Connolly , K. E. Saavik Ford , Mario Jurić , Rachel Mandelbaum , Adam A. Miller , Dara Norman , Knut Olsen , William O'Mullane , Adrian Price-Whelan , Timothy Sacco , J. L. Sokoloski , Ashley Villar , Viviana Acquaviva , Tomas Ahumada , Yusra AlSayyad , Catarina S. Alves , Igor Andreoni , Timo Anguita , Henry J. Best , Federica B. Bianco , Rosaria Bonito , Andrew Bradshaw , Colin J. Burke , Andresa Rodrigues de Campos , Matteo Cantiello , Neven Caplar , Colin Orion Chandler , James Chan , Luiz Nicolaci da Costa , Shany Danieli , James R. A. Davenport , Giulio Fabbian , Joshua Fagin , Alexander Gagliano , Christa Gall , Nicolás Garavito Camargo , Eric Gawiser , Suvi Gezari , Andreja Gomboc , Alma X. Gonzalez-Morales , Matthew J. Graham , Julia Gschwend , Leanne P. Guy , Matthew J. Holman , Henry H. Hsieh , Markus Hundertmark , Dragana Ilić , Emille E. O. Ishida , Tomislav Jurkić , Arun Kannawadi , Alekzander Kosakowski , Andjelka B. Kovačević , Jeremy Kubica , François Lanusse , Ilin Lazar , W. Garrett Levine , Xiaolong Li , Jing Lu , Gerardo Juan Manuel Luna , Ashish A. Mahabal , Alex I. Malz , Yao-Yuan Mao , Ilija Medan , Joachim Moeyens , Mladen Nikolić , Robert Nikutta , Matt O'Dowd , Charlotte Olsen , Sarah Pearson , Ilhuiyolitzin Villicana Pedraza , Mark Popinchalk , Luka C. Popović , Tyler A. Pritchard , Bruno C. Quint , Viktor Radović , Fabio Ragosta , Gabriele Riccio , Alexander H. Riley , Agata Rożek , Paula Sánchez-Sáez , Luis M. Sarro , Clare Saunders , Đorđe V. Savić , Samuel Schmidt , Adam Scott , Raphael Shirley , Hayden R. Smotherman , Steven Stetzler , Kate Storey-Fisher , Rachel A. Street , David E. Trilling , Yiannis Tsapras , Sabina Ustamujic , Sjoert van Velzen , José Antonio Vázquez-Mata , Laura Venuti , Samuel Wyatt , Weixiang Yu , Ann Zabludoff

Vera C. Rubin Observatory, through the Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST), will allow us to derive a panchromatic view of variability in young stellar objects (YSOs) across all relevant timescales. Indeed, both short-term variability…

The Vera C. Rubin Observatory is preparing to execute the most ambitious astronomical survey ever attempted, the Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST). Currently the final phase of construction is under way in the Chilean Andes, with the…

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