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Terminal-agent benchmarks have become a primary signal for measuring the coding and system-administration capabilities of large language models. As the market for evaluation environments grows, so does the pressure to ship tasks quickly,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Ivan Bercovich

Universal adversarial attacks on aligned multimodal large language models are increasingly reported with attack success rates in the 60-80% range, suggesting the visual modality is highly vulnerable to imperceptible perturbations as a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Pang Liu , Yingjie Lao

The proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs) has introduced critical security challenges, where adversarial actors can manipulate input prompts to cause significant harm and circumvent safety alignments. These prompt-based attacks…

As cyber threats continue to evolve in complexity and frequency, robust endpoint protection is essential for organizational security. This paper presents "Endpoint Security Agent: A Comprehensive Approach to Real-time System Monitoring and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Srihari R , Ayesha Taranum , Karthik , Mohammed Usman Hussain

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being integrated into various applications. The functionalities of recent LLMs can be flexibly modulated via natural language prompts. This renders them susceptible to targeted adversarial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-08 Kai Greshake , Sahar Abdelnabi , Shailesh Mishra , Christoph Endres , Thorsten Holz , Mario Fritz

As LLM agents transition from digital assistants to physical controllers in autonomous systems and robotics, they face an escalating threat from indirect prompt injection. By embedding adversarial instructions into the results of tool…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Qiang Yu , Xinran Cheng , Chuanyi Liu

Ensuring the safe use of agentic systems requires a thorough understanding of the range of malicious behaviors these systems may exhibit when under attack. In this paper, we evaluate the robustness of LLM-based agentic systems against…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Jonathan Nöther , Adish Singla , Goran Radanovic

Prompt injection attacks exploit vulnerabilities in large language models (LLMs) to manipulate the model into unintended actions or generate malicious content. As LLM integrated applications gain wider adoption, they face growing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-03 Daniel Wankit Yip , Aysan Esmradi , Chun Fai Chan

The dynamic expansion of social media has led to an inundation of hateful memes on media platforms, accentuating the growing need for efficient identification and removal. Acknowledging the constraints of conventional multimodal hateful…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Junxi Liu , Yanyan Feng , Jiehai Chen , Yun Xue , Fenghuan Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) are deployed in interactive contexts with direct user engagement, such as chatbots and writing assistants. These deployments are vulnerable to prompt injection and jailbreaking (collectively, prompt hacking), in…

Several years of research have shown that machine-learning systems are vulnerable to adversarial examples, both in theory and in practice. Until now, such attacks have primarily targeted visual models, exploiting the gap between human and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Nicholas Boucher , Ilia Shumailov , Ross Anderson , Nicolas Papernot

When AI agents retrieve and reason over external documents, adversaries can manipulate the data they receive to subvert their behaviour. Previous research has studied indirect prompt injection, where the attacker injects malicious…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Michael Schlichtkrull

Text anomaly detection is crucial for identifying spam, misinformation, and offensive language in natural language processing tasks. Despite the growing adoption of embedding-based methods, their effectiveness and generalizability across…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Yang Cao , Sikun Yang , Chen Li , Haolong Xiang , Lianyong Qi , Bo Liu , Rongsheng Li , Ming Liu

Prompt injection is the most critical vulnerability in deployed AI agents. Despite recent progress, we show that the prevailing defense paradigm (data-instruction separation) both fails to detect attacks that operate through contextual…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Sahar Abdelnabi , Eugene Bagdasarian

AI agents that autonomously interact with external tools and environments have shown great promise across real-world applications. However, their reliance on external data exposes them to serious indirect prompt injection attacks, where…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Hao Li , Ruoyao Wen , Shanghao Shi , Ning Zhang , Yevgeniy Vorobeychik , Chaowei Xiao

The efficacy of availability poisoning, a method of poisoning data by injecting imperceptible perturbations to prevent its use in model training, has been a hot subject of investigation. Previous research suggested that it was difficult to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Tianrui Qin , Xitong Gao , Juanjuan Zhao , Kejiang Ye , Cheng-Zhong Xu

Despite their potential, recent research has demonstrated that LLM agents are vulnerable to prompt injection attacks, where malicious prompts are injected into the agent's input, causing it to perform an attacker-specified task rather than…

Deep neural networks have demonstrated remarkable effectiveness across a wide range of tasks such as semantic segmentation. Nevertheless, these networks are vulnerable to adversarial attacks that add imperceptible perturbations to the input…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Kira Maag , Roman Resner , Asja Fischer

The proliferation of large language models (LLMs) has underscored concerns regarding their security vulnerabilities, notably against jailbreak attacks, where adversaries design jailbreak prompts to circumvent safety mechanisms for potential…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Yingchaojie Feng , Zhizhang Chen , Zhining Kang , Sijia Wang , Haoyu Tian , Wei Zhang , Minfeng Zhu , Wei Chen

In this fast-evolving area of LLMs, our paper discusses the significant security risk presented by prompt injection attacks. It focuses on small open-sourced models, specifically the LLaMA family of models. We introduce novel defense…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Safwan Shaheer , G. M. Refatul Islam , Mohammad Rafid Hamid , Tahsin Zaman Jilan