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Guaranteeing safe behaviour of reinforcement learning (RL) policies poses significant challenges for safety-critical applications, despite RL's generality and scalability. To address this, we propose a new approach to apply verification…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-06 Daniel C. H. Tan , Fernando Acero , Robert McCarthy , Dimitrios Kanoulas , Zhibin Li

Quantum reinforcement learning (QRL) aims to use quantum effects to create sequential decision-making policies that achieve tasks more effectively than their classical counterparts. However, QRL policies face uncertainty from quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-30 Dennis Gross

Dealing with high variance is a significant challenge in model-free reinforcement learning (RL). Existing methods are unreliable, exhibiting high variance in performance from run to run using different initializations/seeds. Focusing on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-15 Richard Cheng , Abhinav Verma , Gabor Orosz , Swarat Chaudhuri , Yisong Yue , Joel W. Burdick

This paper investigates the reinforcement learning (RL) based disturbance rejection control for uncertain nonlinear systems having non-simple nominal models. An extended state observer (ESO) is first designed to estimate the system state…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2020-11-25 Maopeng Ran , Juncheng Li , Lihua Xie

A reinforcement learning (RL) framework is introduced for the efficient synthesis of quantum circuits that generate specified target quantum states from a fixed initial state, addressing a central challenge in both the Noisy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-18 Sara Giordano , Kornikar Sen , Miguel A. Martin-Delgado

To further understand the underlying mechanism of various reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms and also to better use the optimization theory to make further progress in RL, many researchers begin to revisit the linear-quadratic regulator…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-03-18 Man Li , Jiahu Qin , Wei Xing Zheng , Yaonan Wang , Yu Kang

A reinforcement learning (RL) policy trained in a nominal environment could fail in a new/perturbed environment due to the existence of dynamic variations. Existing robust methods try to obtain a fixed policy for all envisioned dynamic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-10 Yikun Cheng , Pan Zhao , Manan Gandhi , Bo Li , Evangelos Theodorou , Naira Hovakimyan

As safety is of paramount importance in robotics, reinforcement learning that reflects safety, called safe RL, has been studied extensively. In safe RL, we aim to find a policy which maximizes the desired return while satisfying the defined…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Dohyeong Kim , Songhwai Oh

Model-based Reinforcement Learning (MBRL) has shown many desirable properties for intelligent control tasks. However, satisfying safety and stability constraints during training and rollout remains an open question. We propose a new…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-28 Harry Zhang

In this work, we study model-based reinforcement learning (RL) in unknown stabilizable linear dynamical systems. When learning a dynamical system, one needs to stabilize the unknown dynamics in order to avoid system blow-ups. We propose an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-06 Sahin Lale , Kamyar Azizzadenesheli , Babak Hassibi , Anima Anandkumar

This paper presents a novel model-reference reinforcement learning control method for uncertain autonomous surface vehicles. The proposed control combines a conventional control method with deep reinforcement learning. With the conventional…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-17 Qingrui Zhang , Wei Pan , Vasso Reppa

Increasing traffic demands, higher levels of automation, and communication enhancements provide novel design opportunities for future air traffic controllers (ATCs). This article presents a novel deep reinforcement learning (DRL) controller…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Lei Wang , Hongyu Yang , Yi Lin , Suwan Yin , Yuankai Wu

Safe Reinforcement Learning (RL) is crucial for achieving high performance while ensuring safety in real-world applications. However, the complex interplay of multiple uncertainty sources in real environments poses significant challenges…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Xu Wan , Chao Yang , Cheng Yang , Jie Song , Mingyang Sun

Risk-aware control, though with promise to tackle unexpected events, requires a known exact dynamical model. In this work, we propose a model-free framework to learn a risk-aware controller with a focus on the linear system. We formulate it…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-01 Feiran Zhao , Keyou You

This study presents the first experimental implementation of deep reinforcement learning (DRL) for the active real-time suppression of flow-induced vibrations in simultaneously vibrating tandem cylinders using rotary actuation, considering…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2026-05-21 Hussam Sababha , Mohammed Daqaq

Safety is critical to broadening the application of reinforcement learning (RL). Often, we train RL agents in a controlled environment, such as a laboratory, before deploying them in the real world. However, the real-world target task might…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Qisong Yang , Thiago D. Simão , Nils Jansen , Simon H. Tindemans , Matthijs T. J. Spaan

Choosing an appropriate parameter set for the designed controller is critical for the final performance but usually requires a tedious and careful tuning process, which implies a strong need for automatic tuning methods. However, among…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-13 Yuheng Lei , Jianyu Chen , Shengbo Eben Li , Sifa Zheng

This study presents a novel reinforcement learning (RL)-based control framework aimed at enhancing the safety and robustness of the quadcopter, with a specific focus on resilience to in-flight one propeller failure. Addressing the critical…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Muzaffar Habib , Adnan Maqsood , Adnan Fayyaz ud Din

Ensuring the safety of reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms is crucial to unlock their potential for many real-world tasks. However, vanilla RL and most safe RL approaches do not guarantee safety. In recent years, several methods have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Hanna Krasowski , Jakob Thumm , Marlon Müller , Lukas Schäfer , Xiao Wang , Matthias Althoff

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) depend on onboard sensors for perception, navigation, and control. However, these sensors are susceptible to physical attacks, such as GPS spoofing, that can corrupt state estimates and lead to unsafe…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Pritam Dash , Ethan Chan , Nathan P. Lawrence , Karthik Pattabiraman