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The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has drawn urgent attention to the task of machine-generated text detection (MGTD). However, existing approaches struggle in complex real-world scenarios: zero-shot detectors rely heavily…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Jiachen Fu , Chun-Le Guo , Chongyi Li

The detection of machine-generated text, especially from large language models (LLMs), is crucial in preventing serious social problems resulting from their misuse. Some methods train dedicated detectors on specific datasets but fall short…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Yibo Miao , Hongcheng Gao , Hao Zhang , Zhijie Deng

Large Language Models (LLMs) have attained human-level fluency in text generation, which complicates the distinguishing between human-written and LLM-generated texts. This increases the risk of misuse and highlights the need for reliable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Zheng Chen , Yushi Feng , Jisheng Dang , Yue Deng , Changyang He , Hongxi Pu , Haoxuan Li , Bo Li

The efficacy of detectors for texts generated by large language models (LLMs) substantially depends on the availability of large-scale training data. However, white-box zero-shot detectors, which require no such data, are limited by the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Junchao Wu , Runzhe Zhan , Derek F. Wong , Shu Yang , Xuebo Liu , Lidia S. Chao , Min Zhang

AI-generated text (AIGT) detection evasion aims to reduce the detection probability of AIGT, helping to identify weaknesses in detectors and enhance their effectiveness and reliability in practical applications. Although existing evasion…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Yinghan Zhou , Juan Wen , Wanli Peng , Zhengxian Wu , Ziwei Zhang , Yiming Xue

ChatGPT is a conversational artificial intelligence that is a member of the generative pre-trained transformer of the large language model family. This text generative model was fine-tuned by both supervised learning and reinforcement…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Niful Islam , Debopom Sutradhar , Humaira Noor , Jarin Tasnim Raya , Monowara Tabassum Maisha , Dewan Md Farid

Identifying logical errors in complex, incomplete or even contradictory and overall heterogeneous data like students' experimentation protocols is challenging. Recognizing the limitations of current evaluation methods, we investigate the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Arne Bewersdorff , Kathrin Seßler , Armin Baur , Enkelejda Kasneci , Claudia Nerdel

The potential misuse of ChatGPT and other Large Language Models (LLMs) has raised concerns regarding the dissemination of false information, plagiarism, academic dishonesty, and fraudulent activities. Consequently, distinguishing between…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Kavita Kumari , Alessandro Pegoraro , Hossein Fereidooni , Ahmad-Reza Sadeghi

An ideal detection system for machine generated content is supposed to work well on any generator as many more advanced LLMs come into existence day by day. Existing systems often struggle with accurately identifying AI-generated content…

As text generated by large language models proliferates, it becomes vital to understand how humans engage with such text, and whether or not they are able to detect when the text they are reading did not originate with a human writer. Prior…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-27 Liam Dugan , Daphne Ippolito , Arun Kirubarajan , Sherry Shi , Chris Callison-Burch

The rapid development of autoregressive Large Language Models (LLMs) has significantly improved the quality of generated texts, necessitating reliable machine-generated text detectors. A huge number of detectors and collections with AI…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-10 German Gritsai , Anastasia Voznyuk , Andrey Grabovoy , Yury Chekhovich

The misuse of large language models (LLMs), such as academic plagiarism, has driven the development of detectors to identify LLM-generated texts. To bypass these detectors, paraphrase attacks have emerged to purposely rewrite these texts to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Hao Fang , Jiawei Kong , Tianqu Zhuang , Yixiang Qiu , Kuofeng Gao , Bin Chen , Shu-Tao Xia , Yaowei Wang , Min Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are gearing up to surpass human creativity. The veracity of the statement needs careful consideration. In recent developments, critical questions arise regarding the authenticity of human work and the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Sai Teja Lekkala , Yadagiri Annepaka , Arun Kumar Challa , Samatha Reddy Machireddy , Partha Pakray , Chukhu Chunka

Legal judgment prediction is essential for enhancing judicial efficiency. In this work, we identify that existing large language models (LLMs) underperform in this domain due to challenges in understanding case complexities and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Chenlong Deng , Kelong Mao , Yuyao Zhang , Zhicheng Dou

Prior studies have shown that distinguishing text generated by Large Language Models (LLMs) from human-written one is highly challenging for humans, and often no better than random guessing. To verify the generalizability of this finding…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been garnering significant attention of AI researchers, especially following the widespread popularity of ChatGPT. However, due to LLMs' intricate architecture and vast parameters, several concerns and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Tinghui Ouyang , Hoang-Quoc Nguyen-Son , Huy H. Nguyen , Isao Echizen , Yoshiki Seo

Large Language Model (LLMs) can be used to write or modify documents, presenting a challenge for understanding the intent behind their use. For example, benign uses may involve using LLM on a human-written document to improve its grammar or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Yitong Wang , Zhongping Zhang , Margherita Piana , Zheng Zhou , Peter Gerstoft , Bryan A. Plummer

Large Language Model (LLM)-based judgments leverage powerful LLMs to efficiently evaluate candidate content and provide judgment scores. However, the inherent biases and vulnerabilities of LLM-generated judgments raise concerns,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Dawei Li , Zhen Tan , Chengshuai Zhao , Bohan Jiang , Baixiang Huang , Pingchuan Ma , Abdullah Alnaibari , Kai Shu , Huan Liu

The programming capabilities of large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized automatic code generation and opened new avenues for automatic statistical analysis. However, the validity and quality of these generated codes need to be…

AI generated content (AIGC) presents considerable challenge to educators around the world. Instructors need to be able to detect such text generated by large language models, either with the naked eye or with the help of some tools. There…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Yikang Liu , Ziyin Zhang , Wanyang Zhang , Shisen Yue , Xiaojing Zhao , Xinyuan Cheng , Yiwen Zhang , Hai Hu
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