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Mathematical reasoning is essential for problem-solving in education, science, and industry, serving as a crucial benchmark for evaluating artificial intelligence systems. As Large Language Models (LLMs) improve their reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Husnain Amjad , Raja Khurram Shahzad , Aamir Shahzad , Mehwish Fatima

Do language model benchmarks actually measure what practitioners intend them to ? High-level metadata is too coarse to convey the granular reality of benchmarks: a "poetry" benchmark may never test for haikus, while "instruction-following"…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Harshita Diddee , Gregory Yauney , Swabha Swayamdipta , Daphne Ippolito

With the development of Large Language Models (LLMs), numerous benchmarks have been proposed to measure and compare the capabilities of different LLMs. However, evaluating LLMs is costly due to the large number of test instances and their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Xu-Xiang Zhong , Chao Yi , Han-Jia Ye

The increasing versatility of language models (LMs) has given rise to a new class of benchmarks that comprehensively assess a broad range of capabilities. Such benchmarks are associated with massive computational costs, extending to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Yotam Perlitz , Elron Bandel , Ariel Gera , Ofir Arviv , Liat Ein-Dor , Eyal Shnarch , Noam Slonim , Michal Shmueli-Scheuer , Leshem Choshen

Although Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in NLP tasks, they still need external tools to extend their ability. Current research on tool learning with LLMs often assumes mandatory tool use, which does not always align with real-world…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Kangyun Ning , Yisong Su , Xueqiang Lv , Yuanzhe Zhang , Jian Liu , Kang Liu , Jinan Xu

Faces and humans are crucial elements in social interaction and are widely included in everyday photos and videos. Therefore, a deep understanding of faces and humans will enable multi-modal assistants to achieve improved response quality…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Lixiong Qin , Shilong Ou , Miaoxuan Zhang , Jiangning Wei , Yuhang Zhang , Xiaoshuai Song , Yuchen Liu , Mei Wang , Weiran Xu

Evaluating large language models (LLMs) typically requires thousands of benchmark items, making the process expensive, slow, and increasingly impractical at scale. Existing evaluation protocols rely on average accuracy over fixed item sets,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Peiyu Li , Xiuxiu Tang , Si Chen , Ying Cheng , Ronald Metoyer , Ting Hua , Nitesh V. Chawla

Tool learning aims to augment large language models (LLMs) with diverse tools, enabling them to act as agents for solving practical tasks. Due to the limited context length of tool-using LLMs, adopting information retrieval (IR) models to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Zhengliang Shi , Yuhan Wang , Lingyong Yan , Pengjie Ren , Shuaiqiang Wang , Dawei Yin , Zhaochun Ren

Large language models (LLMs), a recent advance in deep learning and machine intelligence, have manifested astonishing capacities, now considered among the most promising for artificial general intelligence. With human-like capabilities,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Zhilun Zhou , Jing Yi Wang , Nicholas Sukiennik , Chen Gao , Fengli Xu , Yong Li , James Evans

The rapid adoption of AI agents across domains has made systematic evaluation crucial for ensuring their usefulness and successful production deployment. Evaluation of AI agents typically involves using a fixed set of benchmarks and…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are becoming increasingly powerful and capable of handling complex tasks, e.g., building single agents and multi-agent systems. Compared to single agents, multi-agent systems have higher requirements for the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Wei Wang , Dan Zhang , Tao Feng , Boyan Wang , Jie Tang

Existing reasoning evaluation paradigms suffer from different limitations: fixed benchmarks are increasingly saturated and vulnerable to contamination, while preference-based evaluations rely on subjective judgments. We argue that a core…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Baoqing Yue , Zihan Zhu , Yutong Han , Brian Fan , Qian Sun , Jichen Feng , Hufei Yang , Yifan Zhang , Mengdi Wang

The proliferation of open-source Large Language Models (LLMs) from various institutions has highlighted the urgent need for comprehensive evaluation methods. However, current evaluation platforms, such as the widely recognized HuggingFace…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Fanghua Ye , Mingming Yang , Jianhui Pang , Longyue Wang , Derek F. Wong , Emine Yilmaz , Shuming Shi , Zhaopeng Tu

As large language models (LLMs) continue to scale up, their performance on various downstream tasks has significantly improved. However, evaluating their capabilities has become increasingly expensive, as performing inference on a large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Taolin Zhang , Hang Guo , Wang Lu , Tao Dai , Shu-Tao Xia , Jindong Wang

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in human-AI interaction research and practice, yet existing capability and safety benchmarks reveal little about the value priorities these systems express or how those priorities…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Gabriel Rongyang Lau , Wei Yan Low , Seow Min Koh , Fiona Fui-Hoon Nah , Andree Hartanto

Benchmarks underpin how progress in large language models (LLMs) is measured and trusted. Yet our analyses reveal that apparent convergence in benchmark accuracy can conceal deep epistemic divergence. Using two major reasoning benchmarks -…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Eddie Yang , Dashun Wang

Large language models perform well on many logical reasoning benchmarks, but it remains unclear which core logical skills they truly master. To address this, we introduce LogicSkills, a benchmark that isolates three fundamental logical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Brian Rabern , Philipp Mondorf , Barbara Plank

Background: The rapid integration of foundation models into clinical practice and public health necessitates a rigorous evaluation of their true clinical reasoning capabilities beyond narrow examination success. Current benchmarks,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Dingyu Wang , Zimu Yuan , Jiajun Liu , Shanggui Liu , Nan Zhou , Tianxing Xu , Di Huang , Dong Jiang

As Large Language Models (LLMs) achieve significant breakthroughs in complex reasoning tasks, evaluating their proficiency in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) has become a primary method for measuring machine…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Xuzhao Li , Xuchen Li , Jian Zhao , Shiyu Hu
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