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Over the past years, advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have demonstrated how AI can solve many perception and generation tasks, such as image classification and text writing, yet reasoning remains a challenge. This paper introduces…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Andreas Plesner , Turlan Kuzhagaliyev , Roger Wattenhofer

Recent advances in automated theorem proving (ATP) through LLMs have highlighted the potential of formal reasoning with Lean 4 codes. However, ATP has not yet be revolutionized by the recent posttraining scaling as demonstrated by Open AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Jingyuan Zhang , Qi Wang , Xingguang Ji , Yahui Liu , Yang Yue , Fuzheng Zhang , Di Zhang , Guorui Zhou , Kun Gai

Open-source multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown significant potential in a broad range of multimodal tasks. However, their reasoning capabilities remain constrained by existing instruction-tuning datasets, which were…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Jarvis Guo , Tuney Zheng , Yuelin Bai , Bo Li , Yubo Wang , King Zhu , Yizhi Li , Graham Neubig , Wenhu Chen , Xiang Yue

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in vision-language tasks, but they continue to struggle with spatial understanding. Existing spatial MLLMs often rely on explicit 3D inputs or architecture-specific…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Hunar Batra , Haoqin Tu , Hardy Chen , Yuanze Lin , Cihang Xie , Ronald Clark

Humans ponder before articulating complex sentence elements, enabling deeper cognitive processing through focused effort. In this work, we introduce this pondering process into language models by repeatedly invoking the forward process…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Boyi Zeng , Shixiang Song , Siyuan Huang , Yixuan Wang , He Li , Ziwei He , Xinbing Wang , Zhiyu Li , Zhouhan Lin

Recent progress in large language models (LLMs) has been propelled by reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) and test-time scaling. However, the limited output length of LLMs constrains the depth of reasoning attainable in a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Shulin Liu , Dong Du , Tao Yang , Yang Li , Boyu Qiu

Reasoning abilities, especially those for solving complex math problems, are crucial components of general intelligence. Recent advances by proprietary companies, such as o-series models of OpenAI, have made remarkable progress on reasoning…

We present that hierarchical LLM reasoning via scaling thought templates can effectively optimize the reasoning search space and outperform the mathematical reasoning capabilities of powerful LLMs like OpenAI o1-preview and DeepSeek V3. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Ling Yang , Zhaochen Yu , Bin Cui , Mengdi Wang

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated substantial progress in reasoning capabilities, such as DeepSeek-R1, which leverages rule-based reinforcement learning to enhance logical reasoning significantly.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Zeyu Liu , Yuhang Liu , Guanghao Zhu , Congkai Xie , Zhen Li , Jianbo Yuan , Xinyao Wang , Qing Li , Shing-Chi Cheung , Shengyu Zhang , Fei Wu , Hongxia Yang

Current language modeling approaches are built around tokens. Text corpora are split into tokens, and models are trained by performing computations on these tokens, such as predicting the next token given the preceding ones as context. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Elio Musacchio , Lucia Siciliani , Pierpaolo Basile

Large language models (LLMs) with billions of parameters have demonstrated outstanding performance on various natural language processing tasks. This report presents OpenBA, an open-sourced 15B bilingual asymmetric seq2seq model, to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Juntao Li , Zecheng Tang , Yuyang Ding , Pinzheng Wang , Pei Guo , Wangjie You , Dan Qiao , Wenliang Chen , Guohong Fu , Qiaoming Zhu , Guodong Zhou , Min Zhang

We introduce the Yi model family, a series of language and multimodal models that demonstrate strong multi-dimensional capabilities. The Yi model family is based on 6B and 34B pretrained language models, then we extend them to chat models,…

Parameter-efficient transfer learning (PETL) has emerged as a flourishing research field for adapting large pre-trained models to downstream tasks, greatly reducing trainable parameters while grappling with memory challenges during…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Haiwen Diao , Bo Wan , Xu Jia , Yunzhi Zhuge , Ying Zhang , Huchuan Lu , Long Chen

We present AlphaApollo, an agentic reasoning system that targets two bottlenecks in foundation-model reasoning: (1) limited reasoning capacity for complex, long-horizon problem solving and (2) unreliable test-time evolution without…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved impressive performance across a range of natural language processing tasks. However, recent advances demonstrate that further gains particularly in complex reasoning tasks require more than merely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Wei Huang , Yizhe Xiong , Xin Ye , Zhijie Deng , Hui Chen , Zijia Lin , Guiguang Ding

Spatial reasoning remains a fundamental challenge for Vision-Language Models (VLMs), with current approaches struggling to achieve robust performance despite recent advances. We identify that this limitation stems from a critical gap:…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Hongxing Li , Dingming Li , Zixuan Wang , Yuchen Yan , Hang Wu , Wenqi Zhang , Yongliang Shen , Weiming Lu , Jun Xiao , Yueting Zhuang

Current Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) excel in general visual reasoning but remain underexplored in Abstract Visual Reasoning (AVR), which demands higher-order reasoning to identify abstract rules beyond simple perception.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Yanbei Jiang , Yihao Ding , Chao Lei , Jiayang Ao , Jey Han Lau , Krista A. Ehinger

Despite recent progress in multimodal agentic systems, existing approaches often treat image manipulation and web search as disjoint capabilities, rely heavily on costly reinforcement learning, and lack planning grounded in real…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Yifan Zhang , Liang Hu , Haofeng Sun , Peiyu Wang , Yichen Wei , Shukang Yin , Jiangbo Pei , Wei Shen , Peng Xia , Yi Peng , Tianyidan Xie , Eric Li , Yang Liu , Xuchen Song , Yahui Zhou

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance in complex reasoning tasks, but their efficiency is hindered by the substantial memory and computational costs associated with generating lengthy tokens. In this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Jintian Zhang , Yuqi Zhu , Mengshu Sun , Yujie Luo , Shuofei Qiao , Lun Du , Da Zheng , Huajun Chen , Ningyu Zhang
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