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Deep learning models have achieved remarkable success across diverse domains. However, the intricate nature of these models often impedes a clear understanding of their decision-making processes. This is where Explainable AI (XAI) becomes…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Soham Mitra , Atri Sukul , Swalpa Kumar Roy , Pravendra Singh , Vinay Verma

In this paper two new learning-based eXplainable AI (XAI) methods for deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) image classifiers, called L-CAM-Fm and L-CAM-Img, are proposed. Both methods use an attention mechanism that is inserted in the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-23 Ioanna Gkartzonika , Nikolaos Gkalelis , Vasileios Mezaris

Class Activation Mapping (CAM) is a powerful technique used to understand the decision making of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) in computer vision. Recently, there have been attempts not only to generate better visual explanations, but…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-04 Kwang Hee Lee , Chaewon Park , Junghyun Oh , Nojun Kwak

Class activation map (CAM) has been widely studied for visual explanation of the internal working mechanism of convolutional neural networks. The key of existing CAM-based methods is to compute effective weights to combine activation maps…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-20 Hui Li , Zihao Li , Rui Ma , Tieru Wu

Deep learning techniques have shown great potential in medical image processing, particularly through accurate and reliable image segmentation on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans or computed tomography (CT) scans, which allow the…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-10 Yang Liu , Ersi Zhang , Lulu Xu , Chufan Xiao , Xiaoyun Zhong , Lijin Lian , Fang Li , Bin Jiang , Yuhan Dong , Lan Ma , Qiming Huang , Ming Xu , Yongbing Zhang , Dongmei Yu , Chenggang Yan , Peiwu Qin

In recent years, artificial intelligence is increasingly being applied widely in many different fields and has a profound and direct impact on human life. Following this is the need to understand the principles of the model making…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Quoc Hung Cao , Truong Thanh Hung Nguyen , Vo Thanh Khang Nguyen , Xuan Phong Nguyen

Learning powerful discriminative features for remote sensing image scene classification is a challenging computer vision problem. In the past, most classification approaches were based on handcrafted features. However, most recent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-02-22 Jun Li , Daoyu Lin , Yang Wang , Guangluan Xu , Chibiao Ding

Large Language Models (LLM) have emerged as a tool for robots to generate task plans using common sense reasoning. For the LLM to generate actionable plans, scene context must be provided, often through a map. Recent works have shifted from…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Mike Zhang , Kaixian Qu , Vaishakh Patil , Cesar Cadena , Marco Hutter

Deep neural networks (DNNs) excel on fixed datasets but struggle with incremental and shifting data in real-world scenarios. Continual learning addresses this challenge by allowing models to learn from new data while retaining previously…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Lu Yu , Zhe Tao , Dipam Goswami , Hantao Yao , Bartłomiej Twardowski , Joost Van de Weijer , Changsheng Xu

Class Activation Mapping (CAM) methods are widely used to visualize neural network decisions, yet their underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. To enhance the understanding of CAM methods and improve their explainability, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Huaiguang Cai

As deep learning continues to advance, the transparency of neural network decision-making remains a critical challenge, limiting trust and applicability in high-stakes domains. Class Activation Mapping (CAM) techniques have emerged as a key…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Hongjie He , Xu Pan , Yudong Yao

Explaining Deep Learning models is becoming increasingly important in the face of daily emerging multimodal models, particularly in safety-critical domains like medical imaging. However, the lack of detailed investigations into the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Anees Ur Rehman Hashmi , Dwarikanath Mahapatra , Mohammad Yaqub

Deep Learning has revolutionized machine learning, reaching unprecedented levels of accuracy, but at the cost of reduced interpretability. Especially in image processing systems, deep networks transform local pixel information into more…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Xinyi Zhang , Manuel Günther

The need for clear, trustworthy explanations of deep learning model predictions is essential for high-criticality fields, such as medicine and biometric identification. Class Activation Maps (CAMs) are an increasingly popular category of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Emily Kaczmarek , Olivier X. Miguel , Alexa C. Bowie , Robin Ducharme , Alysha L. J. Dingwall-Harvey , Steven Hawken , Christine M. Armour , Mark C. Walker , Kevin Dick

Understanding internal feature representations of deep neural networks (DNNs) is a fundamental step toward model interpretability. Inspired by neuroscience methods that probe biological neurons using visual stimuli, recent deep learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Hongbo Zhu , Angelo Cangelosi

While deep neural networks (DNN) have become an effective computational tool, the prediction results are often criticized by the lack of interpretability, which is essential in many real-world applications such as health informatics.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-05-29 Mengnan Du , Ninghao Liu , Qingquan Song , Xia Hu

Artificial intelligence (AI) systems power the world we live in. Deep neural networks (DNNs) are able to solve tasks in an ever-expanding landscape of scenarios, but our eagerness to apply these powerful models leads us to focus on their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-22 Loris Giulivi , Mark James Carman , Giacomo Boracchi

Class Activation Mapping (CAM) methods are widely applied in weakly supervised learning tasks due to their ability to highlight object regions. However, conventional CAM methods highlight only the most discriminative regions of the target.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Qingdong Cai , Charith Abhayaratne

In this paper, we propose a deep convolutional recurrent neural network that predicts action sequences for task and motion planning (TAMP) from an initial scene image. Typical TAMP problems are formalized by combining reasoning on a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-11 Danny Driess , Jung-Su Ha , Marc Toussaint

Importance estimators are explainability methods that quantify feature importance for deep neural networks (DNN). In vision transformers (ViT), the self-attention mechanism naturally leads to attention maps, which are sometimes interpreted…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Lennart Brocki , Jakub Binda , Neo Christopher Chung