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Audio coding is an essential module in the real-time communication system. Neural audio codecs can compress audio samples with a low bitrate due to the strong modeling and generative capabilities of deep neural networks. To address the poor…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Wenzhe Liu , Wei Xiao , Meng Wang , Shan Yang , Yupeng Shi , Yuyong Kang , Dan Su , Shidong Shang , Dong Yu

Language model based text-to-speech (TTS) models, like VALL-E, have gained attention for their outstanding in-context learning capability in zero-shot scenarios. Neural speech codec is a critical component of these models, which can convert…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Yong Ren , Tao Wang , Jiangyan Yi , Le Xu , Jianhua Tao , Chuyuan Zhang , Junzuo Zhou

Recent advancements in end-to-end neural speech codecs enable compressing audio at extremely low bitrates while maintaining high-fidelity reconstruction. Meanwhile, low computational complexity and low latency are crucial for real-time…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-21 Leyan Yang , Ronghui Hu , Yang Xu , Jing Lu

Speech tokenizers serve as foundational components for speech language models, yet current designs exhibit several limitations, including: 1) dependence on multi-layer residual vector quantization structures or high frame rates, 2) reliance…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Yuancheng Wang , Dekun Chen , Xueyao Zhang , Junan Zhang , Jiaqi Li , Zhizheng Wu

A good audio codec for live applications such as telecommunication is characterized by three key properties: (1) compression, i.e.\ the bitrate that is required to transmit the signal should be as low as possible; (2) latency, i.e.\…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-29 Yi-Chiao Wu , Israel D. Gebru , Dejan Marković , Alexander Richard

The long speech sequence has been troubling language models (LM) based TTS approaches in terms of modeling complexity and efficiency. This work proposes SoCodec, a semantic-ordered multi-stream speech codec, to address this issue. It…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Haohan Guo , Fenglong Xie , Kun Xie , Dongchao Yang , Dake Guo , Xixin Wu , Helen Meng

Speech tokenization enables discrete representation and facilitates speech language modeling. However, existing neural codecs capture low-level acoustic features, overlooking the semantic and contextual cues inherent to human speech. While…

The recent advancement of end-to-end neural audio codecs enables compressing audio at very low bitrates while reconstructing the output audio with high fidelity. Nonetheless, such improvements often come at the cost of increased model…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-25 Sunghwan Ahn , Beom Jun Woo , Min Hyun Han , Chanyeong Moon , Nam Soo Kim

Speech codecs serve as bridges between continuous speech signals and large language models, yet face an inherent conflict between acoustic fidelity and semantic preservation. To mitigate this conflict, prevailing methods augment acoustic…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Xin Zhang , Lin Li , Xiangni Lu , Jianquan Liu , Kong Aik Lee

Neural Speech Codecs face a fundamental trade-off at low bitrates: preserving acoustic fidelity often compromises semantic richness. To address this, we introduce SACodec, a novel codec built upon an asymmetric dual-quantizer that employs…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Zhongren Dong , Bin Wang , Jing Han , Haotian Guo , Xiaojun Mo , Yimin Cao , Zixing Zhang

Neural audio codecs, used as speech tokenizers, have demonstrated remarkable potential in the field of speech generation. However, to ensure high-fidelity audio reconstruction, neural audio codecs typically encode audio into long sequences…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-02 Wenrui Liu , Qian Chen , Wen Wang , Yafeng Chen , Jin Xu , Zhifang Guo , Guanrou Yang , Weiqin Li , Xiaoda Yang , Tao Jin , Minghui Fang , Jialong Zuo , Bai Jionghao , Zemin Liu

Neural audio codecs are a fundamental component of modern generative audio pipelines. Although recent codecs achieve strong low-bitrate reconstruction and provide powerful representations for downstream tasks, most are non-streamable,…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Luca Della Libera , Cem Subakan , Mirco Ravanelli

Neural speech codecs aim to compress input signals into minimal bits while maintaining content quality in a low-latency manner. However, existing neural codecs often trade model complexity for reconstruction performance. These codecs…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Yuzhe Gu , Enmao Diao

Speech codecs are traditionally optimized for waveform fidelity, allocating bits to preserve acoustic detail even when much of it can be inferred from linguistic structure. This leads to inefficient compression and suboptimal performance on…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Liuyang Bai , Weiyi Lu , Li Guo

Efficiently representing audio signals in a compressed latent space is critical for latent generative modelling. However, existing autoencoders often force a choice between continuous embeddings and discrete tokens. Furthermore, achieving…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Marco Pasini , Stefan Lattner , George Fazekas

Neural speech codecs have become the discrete interface between raw audio and speech language models, yet they remain optimized primarily for acoustic reconstruction fidelity, which leaves emotion-relevant cues vulnerable to being discarded…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Zhaoyang Meng , Zhengyao Ma , Kecan Mao , Yingming Gao , Ya Li

In bandwidth-constrained communication such as satellite and underwater channels, speech must often be transmitted at ultra-low bitrates where intelligibility is the primary objective. At such extreme compression levels, codecs trained with…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Junyi Wang , Chi Zhang , Jing Qian , Haifeng Luo , Hao Wang , Zengrui Jin , Chao Zhang

Neural audio codecs are initially introduced to compress audio data into compact codes to reduce transmission latency. Researchers recently discovered the potential of codecs as suitable tokenizers for converting continuous audio into…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-21 Haibin Wu , Xuanjun Chen , Yi-Cheng Lin , Kai-wei Chang , Ho-Lam Chung , Alexander H. Liu , Hung-yi Lee

Ultra-low-bitrate speech coding is pivotal for bandwidth-constrained communication and deep compression, yet maintaining naturalness and speaker identity at such extreme bit budgets remains challenging due to pronounced information loss and…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-26 Hui-Peng Du , Yang Ai , Xiao-Hang Jiang , Yuan Tian , Zhen-Hua Ling

This paper proposes StreamCodec, a streamable neural audio codec designed for real-time communication. StreamCodec adopts a fully causal, symmetric encoder-decoder structure and operates in the modified discrete cosine transform (MDCT)…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Xiao-Hang Jiang , Yang Ai , Rui-Chen Zheng , Zhen-Hua Ling