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Quantum Information Science (QIS) is a vast, diverse, and abstract field. In consequence, learners face many challenges. Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) education research has found that visualizations are valuable…

Quantum computing is rapidly gaining popularity, necessitating intuitive visualization tools for complex quantum states. While the Bloch Sphere effectively visualizes single-qubit states, it fundamentally lacks scalability for multi-qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-27 Fritz Schinkel

Virtual Lab by Quantum Flytrap explores novel ways to represent quantum phenomena interactively and intuitively. It is a no-code online laboratory with a real-time simulation of an optical table, supporting up to three entangled photons.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-24 Piotr Migdał , Klementyna Jankiewicz , Paweł Grabarz , Chiara Decaroli , Philippe Cochin

Understanding the structure of multi-qubit quantum states is essential for both quantum information research and education, yet intuitive visualization beyond the single-qubit Bloch sphere remains challenging. In this work, we propose a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-11 Satoru Shoji

This research applies concepts from algorithmic probability to Boolean and quantum combinatorial logic circuits. A tutorial-style introduction to states and various notions of the complexity of states are presented. Thereafter, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-06 Bao Gia Bach , Akash Kundu , Tamal Acharya , Aritra Sarkar

Quantum engineering now allows to design and construct multi-qubit states in a range of physical systems. These states are typically quite complex in nature, with disparate, but relevant properties that include both single and multi-qubit…

We present a practical course targeting graduate students with prior knowledge of the basics of quantum computing. The practical aims to deepen students' understanding of fundamental concepts in quantum computing by implementing quantum…

Physics Education · Physics 2025-11-24 Florian Krötz , Xiao-Ting Michelle To , Korbinian Staudacher , Dieter Kranzlmüller

Quantum algorithm design usually assumes access to a perfect quantum computer with ideal properties like full connectivity, noise-freedom and arbitrarily long coherence time. In Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices, however, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-11 Xiangzhen Zhou , Sanjiang Li , Yuan Feng

We present a quantum-classical hybrid algorithm that simulates electronic structures of periodic systems such as ground states and quasiparticle band structures. By extending the unitary coupled cluster (UCC) theory to describe crystals in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-16 Nobuyuki Yoshioka , Takeshi Sato , Yuya O. Nakagawa , Yu-ya Ohnishi , Wataru Mizukami

Advances in quantum technologies are often limited by slow device characterization, complex tuning requirements, and scalability challenges. Spin qubits in electrostatically defined quantum dots provide a promising platform but are not…

Although near-term quantum computing devices are still limited by the quantity and quality of qubits in the so-called NISQ era, quantum computational advantage has been experimentally demonstrated. Moreover, hybrid architectures of quantum…

A conception of virtual quantum information bit - virtual qubit - is introduced. It is shown by means of virtual qubit representation that four states of a single quantum particle is enough for implementation of full set of the gates, which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Alexander R. Kessel , Vladimir L. Ermakov

Quantum computers are expected to give major speed-ups for the simulation of quantum systems. In this work, we present quantum gates that simulate the colour part of the interactions of quarks and gluons in perturbative quantum…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-12-04 Herschel A. Chawdhry , Mathieu Pellen

The focus of this Visualization Viewpoints article is to provide some background on Quantum Computing (QC), to explore ideas related to how visualization helps in understanding QC, and examine how QC might be useful for visualization with…

Quantum computing employs controllable interactions to perform sequences of logical gates and entire algorithms on quantum registers. This paradigm has been widely explored, e.g., for simulating dynamics of manybody systems by decomposing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-21 S. Alipour , A. T. Rezakhani , Alireza Tavanfar , K. Mölmer , T. Ala-Nissila

The measurement of scalar products between two vectors is a common task in scientific computing and, by extension, in quantum computing. In this work, we introduce two alternative quantum circuits for computing scalar products with phase…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-02 Lila Cadi Tazi , David Muñoz Ramo , Alex J. W. Thom

We experimentally demonstrate a virtual two-qubit gate and characterize it using quantum process tomography~(QPT). The virtual two-qubit gate decomposes an actual two-qubit gate into single-qubit unitary gates and projection gates in…

Quantum circuit simulation is paramount to the verification and optimization of quantum algorithms, and considerable research efforts have been made towards efficient simulators. While circuits often contain high-level gates such as oracles…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-06 Adam Husted Kjelstrøm , Andreas Pavlogiannis , Jaco van de Pol

As the scale of quantum programs grows to match that of classical software, the nascent field of quantum software engineering must mature and tools such as debuggers will become increasingly important. However, developing a quantum debugger…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-27 Sara Ayman Metwalli , Rodney Van Meter

Simulating quantum computation on a classical computer is a difficult problem. The matrices representing quantum gates, and the vectors modeling qubit states grow exponentially with an increase in the number of qubits. However, by using a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 George F. Viamontes , Igor L. Markov , John P. Hayes