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In this paper a novel spatial domain LSB based watermarking scheme for color Images is proposed. The proposed scheme is of type blind and invisible watermarking. Our scheme introduces the concept of storing variable number of bits in each…

Graphics · Computer Science 2009-12-22 Nagaraj V. Dharwadkar , B. B. Amberker

This paper proposes a novel approach towards image authentication and tampering detection by using watermarking as a communication channel for semantic information. We modify the HiDDeN deep-learning watermarking architecture to embed and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Gautier Evennou , Vivien Chappelier , Ewa Kijak , Teddy Furon

The rapid advancement of generative AI has made it increasingly challenging to distinguish between deepfake audio and authentic human speech. To overcome the limitations of passive detection methods, we propose StreamMark, a novel deep…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-15 Zhentao Liu , Milos Cernak

Watermarking is an effective way to trace model-generated content. Current watermark methods cannot resist forgery attacks, such as a deceptive claim that the model-generated content is a response to a fabricated prompt. None of them can be…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Minhao Bai

Watermarking algorithms for large language models (LLMs) have attained high accuracy in detecting LLM-generated text. However, existing methods primarily focus on distinguishing fully watermarked text from non-watermarked text, overlooking…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Leyi Pan , Aiwei Liu , Yijian Lu , Zitian Gao , Yichen Di , Shiyu Huang , Lijie Wen , Irwin King , Philip S. Yu

Watermarking embeds information into digital content like images, audio, or text, imperceptible to humans but robustly detectable by specific algorithms. This technology has important applications in many challenges of the industry such as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Pierre Fernandez

With LLM watermarking already being deployed commercially, practical applications increasingly require multibit watermarks that encode more complex payloads, such as user IDs or timestamps, into the generated text. In this work, we propose…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Thibaud Gloaguen , Robin Staab , Mark Vero , Martin Vechev

Latent Diffusion Models (LDMs) have established themselves as powerful tools in the rapidly evolving field of image generation, capable of producing highly realistic images. However, their widespread adoption raises critical concerns about…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Zhonghao Yang , Linye Lyu , Xuanhang Chang , Daojing He , YU LI

Recent advances in generative AI have enabled the creation of highly realistic digital content, raising concerns around authenticity, ownership, and misuse. While watermarking has become an increasingly important mechanism to trace and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Maria Bulychev , Neil G. Marchant , Benjamin I. P. Rubinstein

With the significant advances in deep generative models for image and video synthesis, Deepfakes and manipulated media have raised severe societal concerns. Conventional machine learning classifiers for deepfake detection often fail to cope…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Aakash Varma Nadimpalli , Ajita Rattani

Generative models have enabled easy creation and generation of images of all kinds given a single prompt. However, this has also raised ethical concerns about what is an actual piece of content created by humans or cameras compared to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Aryaman Shaan , Garvit Banga , Raghav Mantri

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities of generating texts resembling human language. However, they can be misused by criminals to create deceptive content, such as fake news and phishing emails, which raises…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Wenjie Qu , Wengrui Zheng , Tianyang Tao , Dong Yin , Yanze Jiang , Zhihua Tian , Wei Zou , Jinyuan Jia , Jiaheng Zhang

As policy catches up with the capabilities of generative AI, watermarking is central to content provenance efforts. Inference-time watermarks for autoregressive models are unfit for continuous modalities due to discretization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Georgios Milis , Yubin Qin , Yihan Wu , Heng Huang

Watermarking for large language models (LLMs) is a promising approach for detecting LLM-generated text and enabling responsible deployment. However, existing watermarking methods are often vulnerable to semantic-invariant attacks, such as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Zhenxin Ai , Haiyun He

This paper focuses on investigation of confidential documents leaks in the form of screen photographs. Proposed approach does not try to prevent leak in the first place but rather aims to determine source of the leak. Method works by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-04-26 Aleksey Yakushev , Yury Markin , Dmitry Obydenkov , Alexander Frolov , Stas Fomin , Manuk Akopyan , Alexander Kozachok , Arthur Gaynov

Watermarking is one of the most important copyright protection tools for digital media. The most challenging type of watermarking is the imperceptible one, which embeds identifying information in the data while retaining the latter's…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-12 Natan Semyonov , Rami Puzis , Asaf Shabtai , Gilad Katz

The indistinguishability of large language model (LLM) output from human-authored content poses significant challenges, raising concerns about potential misuse of AI-generated text and its influence on future model training. Watermarking…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Alexander Nemecek , Yuzhou Jiang , Erman Ayday

The rapid spread of text generated by large language models (LLMs) makes it increasingly difficult to distinguish authentic human writing from machine output. Watermarking offers a promising solution: model owners can embed an imperceptible…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Shingo Kodama , Haya Diwan , Lucas Rosenblatt , R. Teal Witter , Niv Cohen

Autoregressive (AR) image generation models have gained increasing attention for their breakthroughs in synthesis quality, highlighting the need for robust watermarking to prevent misuse. However, existing in-generation watermarking…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Siqi Hui , Yiren Song , Sanping Zhou , Ye Deng , Wenli Huang , Jinjun Wang

Recent progress in large language models enables the creation of realistic machine-generated content. Watermarking is a promising approach to distinguish machine-generated text from human text, embedding statistical signals in the output…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Patrick Chao , Yan Sun , Edgar Dobriban , Hamed Hassani
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