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Evolutionary algorithms excel in solving complex optimization problems, especially those with multiple objectives. However, their stochastic nature can sometimes hinder rapid convergence to the global optima, particularly in scenarios…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Zeyi Wang , Songbai Liu , Jianyong Chen , Kay Chen Tan

Large language models (LLMs) have recently shown strong potential for automated program repair (APR), particularly through iterative refinement that generates and improves candidate patches. However, state-of-the-art iterative refinement…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Cuong Chi Le , Minh Le-Anh , Cuong Duc Van , Tien N. Nguyen

Proving mathematical theorems using computer-verifiable formal languages like Lean significantly impacts mathematical reasoning. One approach to formal theorem proving involves generating complete proofs using Large Language Models (LLMs)…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Ruida Wang , Jipeng Zhang , Yizhen Jia , Rui Pan , Shizhe Diao , Renjie Pi , Tong Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit strong mathematical reasoning when trained on high-quality Chain-of-Thought (CoT) that articulates intermediate steps, yet costly CoT curation hinders further progress. While existing remedies such as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Zhuo Wang , Zhuo Zhang , Yafu Li , Yu Cheng , Lizhen Qu , Zenglin Xu

Automated Theorem Proving (ATP) in formal languages remains a formidable challenge in AI, demanding rigorous logical deduction and navigating vast search spaces. While large language models (LLMs) have shown promising performance, existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Zhenwen Liang , Linfeng Song , Yang Li , Tao Yang , Feng Zhang , Haitao Mi , Dong Yu

Autoformalization, the automatic translation of mathematical content from natural language into machine-verifiable formal languages, has seen significant progress driven by advances in large language models (LLMs). Nonetheless, a primary…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Xiaoyang Liu , Kangjie Bao , Jiashuo Zhang , Yunqi Liu , Yu Chen , Yuntian Liu , Yang Jiao , Tao Luo

Large language models (LLMs), such as LLaMA, Alpaca, Vicuna, GPT-3.5 and GPT-4, have advanced the performance of AI systems on various natural language processing tasks to human-like levels. However, their generalisation and robustness when…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Qiming Bao , Gael Gendron , Alex Yuxuan Peng , Wanjun Zhong , Neset Tan , Yang Chen , Michael Witbrock , Jiamou Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly advanced automated test generation, yet existing methods often rely on ground-truth code for verification, risking bug propagation and limiting applicability in test-driven development. We…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Hamed Taherkhani , Alireza DaghighFarsoodeh , Mohammad Chowdhury , Hung Viet Pham , Hadi Hemmati

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing, yet they struggle with inconsistent reasoning, particularly in novel domains and complex logical sequences. This research introduces Proof of Thought, a framework…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Debargha Ganguly , Srinivasan Iyengar , Vipin Chaudhary , Shivkumar Kalyanaraman

Natural language explanations play a fundamental role in Natural Language Inference (NLI) by revealing how premises logically entail hypotheses. Recent work has shown that the interaction of large language models (LLMs) with theorem provers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Xin Quan , Marco Valentino , Louise A. Dennis , André Freitas

Common self-improvement approaches for large language models (LLMs), such as STaR, iteratively fine-tune LLMs on self-generated solutions to improve their problem-solving ability. However, these approaches discard the large amounts of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Arian Hosseini , Xingdi Yuan , Nikolay Malkin , Aaron Courville , Alessandro Sordoni , Rishabh Agarwal

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated great potential in automating the generation of Verilog hardware description language code for hardware design. This automation is critical to reducing human effort in the complex and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Ping Guo , Yiting Wang , Wanghao Ye , Yexiao He , Ziyao Wang , Xiaopeng Dai , Ang Li , Qingfu Zhang

Current Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit limited ability to understand table structures and to apply precise numerical reasoning, which is crucial for tasks such as table question answering (TQA) and table-based fact verification (TFV).…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Xinyuan Lu , Liangming Pan , Yubo Ma , Preslav Nakov , Min-Yen Kan

Unit testing is crucial for detecting bugs in individual program units but consumes time and effort. Recently, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in generating unit test cases. However, several problems…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Siqi Gu , Quanjun Zhang , Kecheng Li , Chunrong Fang , Fangyuan Tian , Liuchuan Zhu , Jianyi Zhou , Zhenyu Chen

Recent advancements in generation models have showcased remarkable capabilities in generating fantastic content. However, most of them are trained on proprietary high-quality data, and some models withhold their parameters and only provide…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Rui Zhao , Hangjie Yuan , Yujie Wei , Shiwei Zhang , Yuchao Gu , Lingmin Ran , Xiang Wang , Zhangjie Wu , Junhao Zhang , Yingya Zhang , Mike Zheng Shou

We introduce Goedel-Prover, an open-source language model that achieves state-of-the-art (as of April 5 2025) performance in automated formal proof generation for mathematical problems. A key challenge in this field is the scarcity of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Yong Lin , Shange Tang , Bohan Lyu , Jiayun Wu , Hongzhou Lin , Kaiyu Yang , Jia Li , Mengzhou Xia , Danqi Chen , Sanjeev Arora , Chi Jin

As artificial intelligence (AI) gains greater adoption in a wide variety of applications, it has immense potential to contribute to mathematical discovery, by guiding conjecture generation, constructing counterexamples, assisting in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Hassen Saidi , Susmit Jha , Tuhin Sahai

The transition from static Large Language Models (LLMs) to self-improving agents is hindered by the lack of structured reasoning in traditional evolutionary approaches. Existing methods often struggle with premature convergence and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Chunhui Wan , Xunan Dai , Zhuo Wang , Minglei Li , Yanpeng Wang , Yinan Mao , Yu Lan , Zhiwen Xiao

Problem-solving has been a fundamental driver of human progress in numerous domains. With advancements in artificial intelligence, Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools capable of tackling complex problems across…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Da Zheng , Lun Du , Junwei Su , Yuchen Tian , Yuqi Zhu , Jintian Zhang , Lanning Wei , Ningyu Zhang , Huajun Chen

Automating the formalization of mathematical statements for theorem proving remains a major challenge for Large Language Models (LLMs). LLMs struggle to identify and utilize the prerequisite mathematical knowledge and its corresponding…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Meiru Zhang , Philipp Borchert , Milan Gritta , Gerasimos Lampouras