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The solar wind is a dynamic plasma outflow that shapes heliospheric conditions and drives space weather. Identifying its large-scale phenomena is crucial, yet the increasing volume of high-cadence Parker Solar Probe (PSP) observations poses…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-03 Valmir P Moraes Filho , Daniela Martin , Jasmine R. Kobayashi , Connor O'Brien , Jinsu Hong , Evangelia Samara , Joseph Gallego

Helioseismic holography is a useful method to detect active regions on the Sun's far side and improve space weather forecasts. We aim to improve helioseismic holography by using a clear formulation of the problem, an accurate forward solver…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-01-18 Dan Yang , Laurent Gizon , Hélène Barucq

The recent launches of Parker Solar Probe (PSP), Solar Orbiter (SO) and BepiColombo, along with several older spacecraft, have provided the opportunity to study the solar wind at multiple latitudes and distances from the Sun simultaneously.…

The solar wind speed plays a key role in the transport of CME out of the Sun and ultimately determines the arrival time of CME-driven shocks in the heliosphere. Here, we develop an empirical model of the solar wind parameters at the inner…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2018-10-04 Chin-Chun Wu , Kan Liou , Simon Plunkett , Dennis Socker , Y. M. Wang , Brian Wood , S. T. Wu , Murray Dryer , Christopher Kung

The modeling of the heliosphere requires continuous three-dimensional solar wind data. The in-situ out-of-ecliptic measurements are very rare, so that other methods of solar wind detection are needed. We use the remote-sensing data of the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-10-27 Justyna M. Sokół , Paweł Swaczyna , Maciej Bzowski , Munetoshi Tokumaru

The transport of energetic particles such as Cosmic Rays is governed by the properties of the plasma being traversed. While these properties are rather poorly known for galactic and interstellar plasmas due to the lack of in situ…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2014-06-03 Tobias Wiengarten , Jens Kleimann , Horst Fichtner , Patrick Kühl , Andreas Kopp , Bernd Heber , Ralf Kissmann

Modeling and forecasting the solar wind-driven global magnetic field perturbations is an open challenge. Current approaches depend on simulations of computationally demanding models like the Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) model or sampling…

The National Solar Observatory (NSO)'s Farside Pipeline is a critical tool of the space weather industry. It enables the detection and tracking of solar active regions that have rotated to the farside (invisible surface) of the Sun without…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-25 Mitchell Creelman , Kiran Jain , Niles Oien , John Britanik , Thomas M. Wentzel

Space weather predictions are necessary to avoid damage caused by intense geomagnetic storms. Such strong storms are usually caused by a co-rotating interaction region (CIR) passing at Earth or by the arrival of strong coronal mass…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-01-28 Tinatin Baratashvili , Beatrice Popescu Braileanu , Fabio Bacchini , Rony Keppens , Stefaan Poedts

Erroneous GNSS positioning, failures in spacecraft operations and power outages due to geomagnetically induced currents are severe threats originating from space weather. Having knowledge of potential impacts on modern society in advance is…

Space Physics · Physics 2021-06-29 Carsten Baumann , Aoife E. McCloskey

The time-varying geomagnetic field is a superposition of contributions from multiple internal and external current systems. A major source of geomagnetic variations at periods less than a few years are current systems external to the solid…

Space Physics · Physics 2025-03-11 Jingtao Min , Alexander Grayver

The goal of local helioseismology is to elicit three-dimensional information about the sub-surface (or far-side) structure and dynamics of the Sun from observations of the helioseismic wave field at the surface. The physical quantities of…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-19 Hannah Schunker

Solar wind-magnetosphere coupling, its causes and consequences have been studied for the last several decades. However, the assessment of continuously changing behaviour of the sun, plasma and field flows in the interplanetary space and…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2013-12-09 Badruddin , O. P. M. Aslam

During the last decades, international attempts have been made to develop realistic space weather prediction tools aiming to forecast the conditions on the Sun and in the interplanetary environment. These efforts have led to the development…

Parker Solar Probes's (PSP)'s unique orbital path allows us to observe the solar wind closer to the Sun than ever before. Essential to advancing our knowledge of solar wind and energetic particle formation is identifying the sources of PSP…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2022-08-17 Samantha Wallace , Shaela I. Jones , C. Nick Arge , Nicholeen Viall , Carl J. Henney

The solar wind is connected to the Sun's atmosphere by flux tubes that are rooted in an ever-changing pattern of positive and negative magnetic polarities on the surface. Observations indicate that the magnetic field is filamentary and…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-15 Steven R. Cranmer , Adriaan A. van Ballegooijen , Lauren N. Woolsey

The Earth's magnetosphere is formed as a consequence of interaction between the planet's magnetic field and the solar wind, a continuous plasma stream from the Sun. A number of different solar wind phenomena have been studied over the past…

The aim of this study is to simulate the interaction of the solar wind with the Hermean magnetosphere when the interplanetary magnetic field is weak, performing a parametric study for all the range of hydrodynamic values of the solar wind…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-15 J. Varela , F. Pantellini , M. Moncuquet

Ground-based synoptic solar observations provide critical contextual data used to model the large-scale state of the heliosphere. The next decade will see a combination of ground-based telescopes and space missions that will study our Sun's…

We present a focused parameter study of solar wind - magnetosphere interaction for the young Sun and Earth, $~3.5$ Ga ago, that relies on magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations for both the solar wind and the magnetosphere. By simulating the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2011-02-02 M. Glenn Sterenborg , Ofer Cohen , Jeremy J. Drake , Tamas I. Gombosi