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Uncertainty in probabilistic classifiers predictions is a key concern when models are used to support human decision making, in broader probabilistic pipelines or when sensitive automatic decisions have to be taken. Studies have shown that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-09 Nicolas Posocco , Antoine Bonnefoy

Short-term (0-24 hours) precipitation forecasting is highly valuable to socioeconomic activities and public safety. However, the highly complex evolution patterns of precipitation events, the extreme imbalance between precipitation and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Shuangliang Li , Siwei Li , Li Li , Weijie Zou , Jie Yang , Maolin Zhang

While significant progress has been made in specifying neural networks capable of representing uncertainty, deep networks still often suffer from overconfidence and misaligned predictive distributions. Existing approaches for measuring this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Spencer Young , Riley Sinema , Cole Edgren , Andrew Hall , Nathan Dong , Porter Jenkins

Classifier calibration has received recent attention from the machine learning community due both to its practical utility in facilitating decision making, as well as the observation that modern neural network classifiers are poorly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-24 John Kirchenbauer , Jacob Oaks , Eric Heim

Model calibration aims to align confidence with prediction correctness. The Cross-Entropy (CE) loss is widely used for calibrator training, which enforces the model to increase confidence on the ground truth class. However, we find the CE…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Yuchi Liu , Lei Wang , Yuli Zou , James Zou , Liang Zheng

Most machine learning classifiers are designed to output posterior probabilities for the classes given the input sample. These probabilities may be used to make the categorical decision on the class of the sample; provided as input to a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-08-07 Luciana Ferrer , Daniel Ramos

Understanding the confidence with which a machine learning model classifies an input datum is an important, and perhaps under-investigated, concept. In this paper, we propose a new calibration metric, the Entropic Calibration Difference…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Daniel James Sumler , Lee Devlin , Simon Maskell , Richard O. Lane

In safety-critical applications data-driven models must not only be accurate but also provide reliable uncertainty estimates. This property, commonly referred to as calibration, is essential for risk-aware decision-making. In regression a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Jelke Wibbeke , Nico Schönfisch , Sebastian Rohjans , Andreas Rauh

This paper proposes a new metric to measure the calibration error of probabilistic binary classifiers, called test-based calibration error (TCE). TCE incorporates a novel loss function based on a statistical test to examine the extent to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-06-27 Takuo Matsubara , Niek Tax , Richard Mudd , Ido Guy

Confidence calibration -- the problem of predicting probability estimates representative of the true correctness likelihood -- is important for classification models in many applications. We discover that modern neural networks, unlike…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-08-04 Chuan Guo , Geoff Pleiss , Yu Sun , Kilian Q. Weinberger

The Expected Calibration Error (ece), the dominant calibration metric in machine learning, compares predicted probabilities against empirical frequencies of binary outcomes. This is appropriate when labels are binary events. However, many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Michael Leznik

Designing early warning system for precipitation requires accurate short-term forecasting system. Climate change has led to an increase in frequency of extreme weather events, and hence such systems can prevent disasters and loss of life.…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2023-12-11 Ajitabh Kumar

Probabilistic classifiers output confidence scores along with their predictions, and these confidence scores should be calibrated, i.e., they should reflect the reliability of the prediction. Confidence scores that minimize standard metrics…

Improving the representation of precipitation in Earth system models (ESMs) is critical for assessing the impacts of climate change and especially of extreme events like floods and droughts. In existing ESMs, precipitation is not resolved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Michael Aich , Sebastian Bathiany , Philipp Hess , Yu Huang , Niklas Boers

Deep-learning precipitation nowcasting models are often optimized using pointwise losses such as mean squared error or mean absolute error, which can lead to overly smooth forecasts and poor representation of heavy rainfall. This study…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Gijs van Nieuwkoop , Siamak Mehrkanoon

The deployment of machine learning classifiers in high-stakes domains requires well-calibrated confidence scores for model predictions. In this paper we introduce the notion of variable-based calibration to characterize calibration…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-07 Markelle Kelly , Padhraic Smyth

Reliable probabilities are critical in high-risk applications, yet common calibration criteria (confidence, class-wise) are only necessary for full distributional calibration, and post-hoc methods often lack distribution-free guarantees. We…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-17 Daniil Kazantsev , Mohsen Guizani , Eric Moulines , Maxim Panov , Nikita Kotelevskii

The model uncertainty obtained by variational Bayesian inference with Monte Carlo dropout is prone to miscalibration. In this paper, different logit scaling methods are extended to dropout variational inference to recalibrate model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-23 Max-Heinrich Laves , Sontje Ihler , Karl-Philipp Kortmann , Tobias Ortmaier

Trustworthiness in neural networks is crucial for their deployment in critical applications, where reliability, confidence, and uncertainty play pivotal roles in decision-making. Traditional performance metrics such as accuracy and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Koffi Ismael Ouattara , Ioannis Krontiris , Theo Dimitrakos , Frank Kargl

To be considered reliable, a model must be calibrated so that its confidence in each decision closely reflects its true outcome. In this blogpost we'll take a look at the most commonly used definition for calibration and then dive into a…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-16 Maja Pavlovic
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