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Large language models (LLMs) require well-crafted prompts for effective use. Prompt engineering, the process of designing prompts, is challenging, particularly for non-experts who are less familiar with AI technologies. While researchers…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-01-29 Zijie J. Wang , Aishwarya Chakravarthy , David Munechika , Duen Horng Chau

Natural language (NL) programming has become more approachable due to the powerful code-generation capability of large language models (LLMs). This shift to using NL to program enhances collaborative programming by reducing communication…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Li Feng , Ryan Yen , Yuzhe You , Mingming Fan , Jian Zhao , Zhicong Lu

Prompt engineering is an increasingly important skill set needed to converse effectively with large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT. Prompts are instructions given to an LLM to enforce rules, automate processes, and ensure specific…

Prompt engineering is critical for effective interaction with large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT. However, efforts to teach this skill to students have been limited. This study designed and implemented a prompt engineering…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-11 David James Woo , Deliang Wang , Tim Yung , Kai Guo

Large language models (LLMs) can perform recommendation tasks by taking prompts written in natural language as input. Compared to traditional methods such as collaborative filtering, LLM-based recommendation offers advantages in handling…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Genki Kusano , Kosuke Akimoto , Kunihiro Takeoka

Large Language Models (LLMs) are nowadays extensively used for various types of software engineering tasks, primarily code generation. Previous research has shown how suitable prompt engineering could help developers in improving their code…

In this paper, we propose a novel prompting approach aimed at enhancing the ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate accurate Python code. Specifically, we introduce a prompt template designed to improve the quality and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Rogelio Cruz , Jonatan Contreras , Francisco Guerrero , Ezequiel Rodriguez , Carlos Valdez , Citlali Carrillo

The dream of achieving a student-teacher ratio of 1:1 is closer than ever thanks to the emergence of large language models (LLMs). One potential application of these models in the educational field would be to provide feedback to students…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Marc Ballestero-Ribó , Daniel Ortiz-Martínez

Prompt engineering has rapidly emerged as a critical skill for effective interaction with large language models (LLMs). However, the cognitive and neural underpinnings of this expertise remain largely unexplored. This paper presents…

Human-LLM conversations are increasingly becoming more pervasive in peoples' professional and personal lives, yet many users still struggle to elicit helpful responses from LLM Chatbots. One of the reasons for this issue is users' lack of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Rupak Sarkar , Bahareh Sarrafzadeh , Nirupama Chandrasekaran , Nagu Rangan , Philip Resnik , Longqi Yang , Sujay Kumar Jauhar

By conditioning on natural language instructions, large language models (LLMs) have displayed impressive capabilities as general-purpose computers. However, task performance depends significantly on the quality of the prompt used to steer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-13 Yongchao Zhou , Andrei Ioan Muresanu , Ziwen Han , Keiran Paster , Silviu Pitis , Harris Chan , Jimmy Ba

Due to their architecture and vast pre-training data, large language models (LLMs) demonstrate strong text classification performance. However, LLM output - here, the category assigned to a text - depends heavily on the wording of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Kylie L. Anglin , Stephanie Milan , Brittney Hernandez , Claudia Ventura

Ensuring large language models' (LLMs) responses align with prompt instructions is crucial for application development. Based on our formative study with industry professionals, the alignment requires heavy human involvement and tedious…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Ishika Joshi , Simra Shahid , Shreeya Venneti , Manushree Vasu , Yantao Zheng , Yunyao Li , Balaji Krishnamurthy , Gromit Yeuk-Yin Chan

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable potential in natural language understanding and generation, making them valuable tools for enhancing conversational interactions. However, LLMs encounter challenges such as lacking…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Guinan Su , Yanwu Yang , Jie Guo

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are set to transform how machines process and generate human-like responses by integrating diverse modalities such as text, images, and code. Yet, effectively harnessing their capabilities hinges on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Anwesha Mohanty , Venkatesh Balavadhani Parthasarathy , Arsalan Shahid

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used by software engineers for code generation. However, limitations of LLMs such as irrelevant or incorrect code have highlighted the need for prompt programming (or prompt engineering) where…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Ranim Khojah , Francisco Gomes de Oliveira Neto , Mazen Mohamad , Philipp Leitner

Large Language Models (LLMs) are becoming increasingly competent across various domains, educators are showing a growing interest in integrating these LLMs into the learning process. Especially in software engineering, LLMs have…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Agrawal Naman , Ridwan Shariffdeen , Guanlin Wang , Sanka Rasnayaka , Ganesh Neelakanta Iyer

Prompt engineering is an essential technique for enhancing the abilities of large language models (LLMs) by providing explicit and specific instructions. It enables LLMs to excel in various tasks, such as arithmetic reasoning, question…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Fobo Shi , Peijun Qing , Dong Yang , Nan Wang , Youbo Lei , Haonan Lu , Xiaodong Lin , Duantengchuan Li

Prompt optimization aims to find the best prompt to a large language model (LLM) for a given task. LLMs have been successfully used to help find and improve prompt candidates for single-step tasks. However, realistic tasks for agents are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Yongchao Chen , Jacob Arkin , Yilun Hao , Yang Zhang , Nicholas Roy , Chuchu Fan

The rapid emergence of generative AI models like Large Language Models (LLMs) has demonstrated its utility across various activities, including within Requirements Engineering (RE). Ensuring the quality and accuracy of LLM-generated output…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Krishna Ronanki , Simon Arvidsson , Johan Axell