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Large Language Models (LLMs) have enabled the emergence of LLM agents, systems capable of pursuing under-specified goals and adapting after deployment. Evaluating such agents is challenging because their behavior is open ended,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Boming Xia , Qinghua Lu , Liming Zhu , Zhenchang Xing , Dehai Zhao , Hao Zhang

Anticipating defensive coverage schemes is a crucial yet challenging task for offenses in American football. Because defenders' assignments are intentionally disguised before the snap, they remain difficult to recognize in real time. To…

Applications · Statistics 2026-02-12 Rouven Michels , Robert Bajons , Jan-Ole Fischer

Exploration of the high-dimensional state action space is one of the biggest challenges in Reinforcement Learning (RL), especially in multi-agent domain. We present a novel technique called Experience Augmentation, which enables a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-21 Zhenhui Ye , Yining Chen , Guanghua Song , Bowei Yang , Shen Fan

Multi-agent systems (MAS) are widely prevalent and crucially important in numerous real-world applications, where multiple agents must make decisions to achieve their objectives in a shared environment. Despite their ubiquity, the…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Dom Huh , Prasant Mohapatra

A critical and challenging problem in reinforcement learning is how to learn the state-action value function from the experience replay buffer and simultaneously keep sample efficiency and faster convergence to a high quality solution. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-04-25 Weichao Li , Fuxian Huang , Xi Li , Gang Pan , Fei Wu

With the vast amount of data collected on football and the growth of computing abilities, many games involving decision choices can be optimized. The underlying rule is the maximization of an expected utility of outcomes and the law of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-15 Preston Biro , Stephen G. Walker

The development of enhanced sampling methods has greatly extended the scope of atomistic simulations, allowing long-time phenomena to be studied with accessible computational resources. Many such methods rely on the identification of an…

Computational Physics · Physics 2022-06-08 Luigi Bonati , GiovanniMaria Piccini , Michele Parrinello

Distribution system state estimation (DSSE) plays a crucial role in the real-time monitoring, control, and operation of distribution networks. Besides intensive computational requirements, conventional DSSE methods need high-quality…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-05 Renyou Xie , Xin Yin , Chaojie Li , Guo Chen , Nian Liu , Bo Zhao , Zhaoyang Dong

Recent advances in agent development have focused on scaling model size and raw interaction data, mirroring successes in large language models. However, for complex, long-horizon multi-agent tasks such as robotic soccer, this end-to-end…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Brennen Hill

Achieving coordinated teamwork among legged robots requires both fine-grained locomotion control and long-horizon strategic decision-making. Robot soccer offers a compelling testbed for this challenge, combining dynamic, competitive, and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Zhi Su , Yuman Gao , Emily Lukas , Yunfei Li , Jiaze Cai , Faris Tulbah , Fei Gao , Chao Yu , Zhongyu Li , Yi Wu , Koushil Sreenath

The Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma has guided research on social dilemmas for decades. However, it distinguishes between only two atomic actions: cooperate and defect. In real-world prisoner's dilemmas, these choices are temporally extended…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-03-02 Weixun Wang , Jianye Hao , Yixi Wang , Matthew Taylor

Finding approximate equilibria for large-scale imperfect-information competitive games such as StarCraft, Dota, and CounterStrike remains computationally infeasible due to sparse rewards and challenging exploration over long horizons. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 JB Lanier , Nathan Monette , Pierre Baldi , Roy Fox

Learning to coordinate many agents in partially observable and highly dynamic environments requires both informative representations and data-efficient training. To address this challenge, we present a novel model-based multi-agent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Zhizun Wang , David Meger

Computational agents support humans in many areas of life and are therefore found in heterogeneous contexts. This means they operate in rapidly changing environments and can be confronted with huge state and action spaces. In order to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Nicole Merkle , Ralf Mikut

We pose an active perception problem where an autonomous agent actively interacts with a second agent with potentially adversarial behaviors. Given the uncertainty in the intent of the other agent, the objective is to collect further…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-09-20 Macheng Shen , Jonathan P How

In this work, an abstract and general language for the fundamental objects underlying dynamic games under probabilistic uncertainty is developed. Combining the theory of decision trees by Al\'os-Ferrer--Ritzberger (2005) and a Harsanyian…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-08-26 E. Emanuel Rapsch

We introduce a multi-agent meta-modeling game to generate data, knowledge, and models that make predictions on constitutive responses of elasto-plastic materials. We introduce a new concept from graph theory where a modeler agent is tasked…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-15 Kun Wang , WaiChing Sun , Qiang Du

Long-term multi-agent systems inevitably generate vast amounts of trajectories and historical interactions, which makes efficient memory management essential for both performance and scalability. Existing methods typically depend on vector…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Haoran Xu , Jiacong Hu , Ke Zhang , Lei Yu , Yuxin Tang , Xinyuan Song , Yiqun Duan , Lynn Ai , Bill Shi

We consider a Reinforcement Learning setup where an agent interacts with an environment in observation-reward-action cycles without any (esp.\ MDP) assumptions on the environment. State aggregation and more generally feature reinforcement…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-07-15 Marcus Hutter

Exploration remains a key challenge in deep reinforcement learning (RL). Optimism in the face of uncertainty is a well-known heuristic with theoretical guarantees in the tabular setting, but how best to translate the principle to deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Brendan O'Donoghue