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The Arabic language is a morphologically rich language with relatively few resources and a less explored syntax compared to English. Given these limitations, Arabic Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks like Sentiment Analysis (SA), Named…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-09 Wissam Antoun , Fady Baly , Hazem Hajj

Pre-trained language models such as BERT have been successful at tackling many natural language processing tasks. However, the unsupervised sub-word tokenization methods commonly used in these models (e.g., byte-pair encoding - BPE) are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-26 Antoine Nzeyimana , Andre Niyongabo Rubungo

Training AI models in cybersecurity with help of vast datasets offers significant opportunities to mimic real-world behaviors effectively. However, challenges like data drift and scarcity of labelled data lead to frequent updates of models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Saurabh Anand , Shubham Malaviya , Manish Shukla , Sachin Lodha

While Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate exceptional natural language capabilities, general-purpose models lack specialized domain knowledge for effective cybersecurity analysis. In this work, we investigate Domain-Adaptive Continuous…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Salahuddin Salahuddin , Ahmed Hussain , Jussi Löppönen , Toni Jutila , Panos Papadimitratos

The rapid evolution and use of Large Language Models (LLMs) in professional workflows require an evaluation of their domain-specific knowledge against industry standards. We introduceCyberCertBench, a new suite of Multiple Choice Question…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Gustav Keppler , Ghada Elbez , Veit Hagenmeyer

As transformer-based large language models (LLMs) increasingly permeate society, they have revolutionized domains such as software engineering, creative writing, and digital arts. However, their adoption in cybersecurity remains limited due…

Software vulnerabilities pose significant security threats, requiring effective mitigation. While Automated Program Repair (APR) has advanced in fixing general bugs, vulnerability patching, a security-critical aspect of APR remains…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Zanis Ali Khan , Aayush Garg , Qiang Tang

Large Language Models(LLMs) are increasingly explored for cybersecurity applications such as vulnerability detection. In the domain of threat modelling, prior work has primarily evaluated a number of general-purpose Large Language Models…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Saba Pourhanifeh , AbdulAziz AbdulGhaffar , Ashraf Matrawy

Large-scale language models such as BERT have achieved state-of-the-art performance across a wide range of NLP tasks. Recent studies, however, show that such BERT-based models are vulnerable facing the threats of textual adversarial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Boxin Wang , Shuohang Wang , Yu Cheng , Zhe Gan , Ruoxi Jia , Bo Li , Jingjing Liu

Automated detection of cyber attacks is a critical capability to counteract the growing volume and sophistication of cyber attacks. However, the high numbers of security alerts issued by intrusion detection systems lead to alert fatigue…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Lukas Karner , Max Landauer , Markus Wurzenberger , Florian Skopik

The purpose of research: Detection of cybersecurity incidents and analysis of decision support and assessment of the effectiveness of measures to counter information security threats based on modern generative models. The methods of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Leonid Legashev , Arthur Zhigalov

As cyber threats continue to grow in complexity, traditional security mechanisms struggle to keep up. Large language models (LLMs) offer significant potential in cybersecurity due to their advanced capabilities in text processing and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Tiago Dinis , Miguel Correia , Roger Tavares

Effective Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) relies upon accurately structured and semantically enriched information extracted from cybersecurity system logs. However, current methodologies often struggle to identify and interpret malicious…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Luca Cotti , Anisa Rula , Devis Bianchini , Federico Cerutti

Automated detection of software vulnerabilities is critical for enhancing security, yet existing methods often struggle with the complexity and diversity of modern codebases. In this paper, we introduce EnStack, a novel ensemble stacking…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Shahriyar Zaman Ridoy , Md. Shazzad Hossain Shaon , Alfredo Cuzzocrea , Mst Shapna Akter

Modern infrastructures rely on software systems that remain vulnerable to cyberattacks. These attacks frequently exploit vulnerabilities documented in repositories such as MITRE's Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE). However, Cyber…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Refat Othman

Ransomware continues to evolve in complexity, making early and explainable detection a critical requirement for modern cybersecurity systems. This study presents a comparative analysis of three Transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Elodie Mutombo Ngoie , Mike Nkongolo Wa Nkongolo , Peace Azugo , Mahmut Tokmak

Recently, Natural Language Processing (NLP) has witnessed an impressive progress in many areas, due to the advent of novel, pretrained contextual representation models. In particular, Devlin et al. (2019) proposed a model, called BERT…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-03-09 Debora Nozza , Federico Bianchi , Dirk Hovy

Twitter is a well-known microblogging social site where users express their views and opinions in real-time. As a result, tweets tend to contain valuable information. With the advancements of deep learning in the domain of natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-22 Mohiuddin Md Abdul Qudar , Vijay Mago

Large language models (LLMs) have brought significant advancements to code generation, benefiting both novice and experienced developers. However, their training using unsanitized data from open-source repositories, like GitHub, introduces…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Jiexin Wang , Liuwen Cao , Xitong Luo , Zhiping Zhou , Jiayuan Xie , Adam Jatowt , Yi Cai

This paper studies the integration off Large Language Models into cybersecurity tools and protocols. The main issue discussed in this paper is how traditional rule-based and signature based security systems are not enough to deal with…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Raunak Somani , Aswani Kumar Cherukuri
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