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Post-hoc explainability methods are a subset of Machine Learning (ML) that aim to provide a reason for why a model behaves in a certain way. In this paper, we show a new black-box model-agnostic adversarial attack for post-hoc explainable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Leonardo Pesce , Jiawen Wei , Gianmarco Mengaldo

Large Language Model (LLM) based agents integrated into web browsers (often called agentic AI browsers) offer powerful automation of web tasks. However, they are vulnerable to indirect prompt injection attacks, where malicious instructions…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Avihay Cohen

A Large Language Model (LLM) powered GUI agent is a specialized autonomous system that performs tasks on the user's behalf according to high-level instructions. It does so by perceiving and interpreting the graphical user interfaces (GUIs)…

Embodied Artificial Intelligence (Embodied AI) is crucial for achieving Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) and serves as a foundation for various applications (e.g., intelligent mechatronics systems, smart manufacturing) that bridge…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Yang Liu , Weixing Chen , Yongjie Bai , Xiaodan Liang , Guanbin Li , Wen Gao , Liang Lin

Recent advances in Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have propelled embodied agents by enabling direct perception, reasoning, and planning task-oriented actions from visual inputs. However, such vision-driven embodied agents open a new attack…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Qiusi Zhan , Hyeonjeong Ha , Rui Yang , Sirui Xu , Hanyang Chen , Liang-Yan Gui , Yu-Xiong Wang , Huan Zhang , Heng Ji , Daniel Kang

Although multimodal large language models (MLLMs) are increasingly deployed in real-world applications, their instruction-following behavior leaves them vulnerable to prompt injection attacks. Existing prompt injection methods predominantly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Meiwen Ding , Song Xia , Chenqi Kong , Xudong Jiang

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into robotics has revolutionized their ability to interpret complex human commands and execute sophisticated tasks. However, such paradigm shift introduces critical security vulnerabilities…

Embodied Artificial Intelligence (Embodied AI) is gaining momentum in the machine learning communities with the goal of leveraging current progress in AI (deep learning, transformers, large language and visual-language models) to empower…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Matej Hoffmann , Shubhan Parag Patni

Autonomous agents powered by Large Language Models (LLMs) acquire external functionalities through third-party skills available in open marketplaces. Adopting these integrations broadens the potential attack surface, prompting a need for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Xinyu Liu , Yukai Zhao , Xing Hu , Xin Xia

We propose Embodied AI as the next fundamental step in the pursuit of Artificial General Intelligence, juxtaposing it against current AI advancements, particularly Large Language Models. We traverse the evolution of the embodiment concept…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Giuseppe Paolo , Jonas Gonzalez-Billandon , Balázs Kégl

Collective Adaptive Intelligence (CAI) represent a transformative approach in embodied AI, wherein numerous autonomous agents collaborate, adapt, and self-organize to navigate complex, dynamic environments. By enabling systems to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Fan Wang , Shaoshan Liu

Prompt injection is the most critical vulnerability in deployed AI agents. Despite recent progress, we show that the prevailing defense paradigm (data-instruction separation) both fails to detect attacks that operate through contextual…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Sahar Abdelnabi , Eugene Bagdasarian

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) strategies play a crucial part in increasing the understanding and trustworthiness of neural networks. Nonetheless, these techniques could potentially generate misleading explanations. Blinding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Md Abdul Kadir , GowthamKrishna Addluri , Daniel Sonntag

Vision-language models (VLMs) have significantly advanced autonomous driving (AD) by enhancing reasoning capabilities; however, these models remain highly susceptible to adversarial attacks. While existing research has explored white-box…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Lu Wang , Tianyuan Zhang , Yang Qu , Siyuan Liang , Yuwei Chen , Aishan Liu , Xianglong Liu , Dacheng Tao

Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) methods are portrayed as a remedy for debugging and trusting statistical and deep learning models, as well as interpreting their predictions. However, recent advances in adversarial machine learning…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Hubert Baniecki , Przemyslaw Biecek

Modern AI-powered Integrated Development Environments (AI-IDEs) are increasingly defined by an Agent-centric architecture, where an LLM-powered Agent is deeply integrated to autonomously execute complex tasks. This tight integration,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Xinpeng Liu , Junming Liu , Peiyu Liu , Han Zheng , Qinying Wang , Mathias Payer , Shouling Ji , Wenhai Wang

Visual language modeling for automated driving is emerging as a promising research direction with substantial improvements in multimodal reasoning capabilities. Despite its advanced reasoning abilities, VLM-AD remains vulnerable to serious…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Dehong Kong , Sifan Yu , Siyuan Liang , Jiawei Liang , Jianhou Gan , Aishan Liu , Wenqi Ren

Autonomous robots operating in dynamic environments should identify and report anomalies. Embodying proactive mitigation improves safety and operational continuity. This paper presents a multimodal anomaly detection and mitigation system…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Oluwadamilola Sotomi , Devika Kodi , Kiruthiga Chandra Shekar , Aliasghar Arab

Tool-augmented Large Language Model (LLM) agents have demonstrated impressive capabilities in automating complex, multi-step real-world tasks, yet remain vulnerable to indirect prompt injection. Adversaries exploit this weakness by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Wei Zhao , Zhe Li , Peixin Zhang , Jun Sun

Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents powered by Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have emerged as a revolutionary approach to automating human-machine interactions, capable of autonomously operating personal devices (e.g., mobile…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Ziang Ye , Yang Zhang , Wentao Shi , Xiaoyu You , Fuli Feng , Tat-Seng Chua
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