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Estimating the unitarity of an unknown quantum channel $\mathcal{E}$ provides information on how much it is unitary, which is a basic and important problem in quantum device certification and benchmarking. Unitarity estimation can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-23 Kean Chen , Qisheng Wang , Peixun Long , Mingsheng Ying

Learning unknown processes affecting a quantum system reveals underlying physical mechanisms and enables suppression, mitigation, and correction of unwanted effects. Describing a general quantum process requires an exponentially large…

Understanding quantum noise is an essential step towards building practical quantum information processing systems. Pauli noise is a useful model that has been widely applied in quantum benchmarking, error mitigation, and error correction.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-13 Senrui Chen , Zhihan Zhang , Liang Jiang , Steven T. Flammia

We consider process tomography for unitary quantum channels. Given access to an unknown unitary channel acting on a $\textsf{d}$-dimensional qudit, we aim to output a classical description of a unitary that is $\varepsilon$-close to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-31 Jeongwan Haah , Robin Kothari , Ryan O'Donnell , Ewin Tang

Bosonic Gaussian unitaries are fundamental building blocks of central continuous-variable quantum technologies such as quantum-optic interferometry and bosonic error-correction schemes. In this work, we present the first time-efficient…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-08 Marco Fanizza , Vishnu Iyer , Junseo Lee , Antonio A. Mele , Francesco A. Mele

We show that entangled measurements provide an exponential advantage in sample complexity for Pauli channel estimation, which is both a fundamental problem and a practically important subroutine for benchmarking near-term quantum devices.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-23 Senrui Chen , Sisi Zhou , Alireza Seif , Liang Jiang

Efficiently characterizing large quantum states and processes is a central yet notoriously challenging task in quantum information science, as conventional tomography methods typically require resources that grow exponentially with system…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-03 Chenyang Li , Shengxin Zhuang , Yukun Zhang , Jingbo B. Wang , Xiao Yuan , Yusen Wu , Chuan Wang

Quantum process learning is emerging as an important tool to study quantum systems. While studied extensively in coherent frameworks, where the target and model system can share quantum information, less attention has been paid to whether…

Unitary and non-unitary diagonal operators are fundamental building blocks in quantum algorithms with applications in the resolution of partial differential equations, Hamiltonian simulations, the loading of classical data on quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-22 Julien Zylberman , Ugo Nzongani , Andrea Simonetto , Fabrice Debbasch

What makes a class of quantum circuits efficiently classically simulable on average? I present a framework that applies harmonic analysis of groups to circuits with a structure encoded by group parameters. Expanding the circuits in a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-18 Cristina Cirstoiu

We present a classical algorithm based on Pauli propagation for estimating expectation values of arbitrary observables on random unstructured quantum circuits across all circuit architectures and depths, including those with all-to-all…

We present a polynomial-time classical algorithm for estimating expectation values of arbitrary observables on typical quantum circuits under any incoherent local noise, including non-unital or dephasing. Although previous research…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-23 Armando Angrisani , Antonio A. Mele , Manuel S. Rudolph , M. Cerezo , Zoë Holmes

We study the problem of learning Hamiltonians $H$ that are $s$-sparse in the Pauli basis, given access to their time evolution. Although Hamiltonian learning has been extensively investigated, two issues recur in much of the existing…

Here we revisit one of the prototypical tasks for characterizing the structure of noise in quantum devices: estimating every eigenvalue of an $n$-qubit Pauli noise channel to error $\epsilon$. Prior work [14] proved no-go theorems for this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-16 Sitan Chen , Weiyuan Gong

The circuit class $\mathsf{QAC}^0$ was introduced by Moore (1999) as a model for constant depth quantum circuits where the gate set includes many-qubit Toffoli gates. Proving lower bounds against such circuits is a longstanding challenge in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-19 Shivam Nadimpalli , Natalie Parham , Francisca Vasconcelos , Henry Yuen

We propose several algorithms for learning unitary operators from quantum statistical queries with respect to their Choi-Jamiolkowski state. Quantum statistical queries capture the capabilities of a learner with limited quantum resources,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-30 Armando Angrisani

Decomposing Pauli exponentials efficiently to quantum circuits has been the subject of intense research in recent years. Pauli exponentials are an essential component of many different quantum algorithms. Due to the error-prone nature of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-06 Lauri Vuorenkoski , Arianne Meijer-van de Griend

Arbitrary exponentially large unitaries cannot be implemented efficiently by quantum circuits. However, we show that quantum circuits can efficiently implement any unitary provided it has at most polynomially many nonzero entries in any row…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-29 Stephen P. Jordan , Pawel Wocjan

We provide a simple prescription to extract an effective Pauli noise model from classical simulations of a noisy experimental protocol for a unitary gate. This prescription yields the closest Pauli channel approximation to the error channel…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-16 Michael A. Perlin

Recently, several quantum benchmarking algorithms have been developed to characterize noisy quantum gates on today's quantum devices. A well-known issue in benchmarking is that not everything about quantum noise is learnable due to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-06 Senrui Chen , Yunchao Liu , Matthew Otten , Alireza Seif , Bill Fefferman , Liang Jiang