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Recently, brain-inspired spiking neuron networks (SNNs) have attracted widespread research interest because of their event-driven and energy-efficient characteristics. Still, it is difficult to efficiently train deep SNNs due to the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Shikuang Deng , Yuhang Li , Shanghang Zhang , Shi Gu

Known as low energy consumption networks, spiking neural networks (SNNs) have gained a lot of attention within the past decades. While SNNs are increasing competitive with artificial neural networks (ANNs) for vision tasks, they are rarely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Shuaijie Shen , Chao Wang , Renzhuo Huang , Yan Zhong , Qinghai Guo , Zhichao Lu , Jianguo Zhang , Luziwei Leng

As the scales of neural networks increase, techniques that enable them to run with low computational cost and energy efficiency are required. From such demands, various efficient neural network paradigms, such as spiking neural networks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-06 Kazuma Suetake , Shin-ichi Ikegawa , Ryuji Saiin , Yoshihide Sawada

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have been recently integrated into Transformer architectures due to their potential to reduce computational demands and to improve power efficiency. Yet, the implementation of the attention mechanism using…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Zihang Song , Prabodh Katti , Osvaldo Simeone , Bipin Rajendran

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have garnered attention over recent years due to their increased energy efficiency and advantages in terms of operational complexity compared to traditional Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). Two important…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Daniel Windhager , Lothar Ratschbacher , Bernhard A. Moser , Michael Lunglmayr

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are receiving increasing attention due to their low power consumption and strong bio-plausibility. Optimization of SNNs is a challenging task. Two main methods, artificial neural network (ANN)-to-SNN…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Chunming Jiang , Yilei Zhang

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) that mimic information transmission in the brain can energy-efficiently process spatio-temporal information through discrete and sparse spikes, thereby receiving considerable attention. To improve accuracy and…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-06-14 Byunggook Na , Jisoo Mok , Seongsik Park , Dongjin Lee , Hyeokjun Choe , Sungroh Yoon

Transformer-based large language models are increasingly used for long-horizon tasks; however, their attention mechanism scales poorly with context length. To handle this, we study a sleep-like consolidation mechanism in which a model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Sangyun Lee , Sean McLeish , Tom Goldstein , Giulia Fanti

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are brain-inspired, event-driven machine learning algorithms that have been widely recognized in producing ultra-high-energy-efficient hardware. Among existing SNNs, unsupervised SNNs based on synaptic…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-09-20 Mingyuan Meng , Xingyu Yang , Lei Bi , Jinman Kim , Shanlin Xiao , Zhiyi Yu

Current Large Language Models (LLMs) are primarily based on large-scale dense matrix multiplications. Inspired by the brain's information processing mechanism, we explore the fundamental question: how to effectively integrate the brain's…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Han Xu , Xuerui Qiu , Baiyu Chen , Xinhao Luo , Xingrun Xing , Jiahong Zhang , Bo Lei , Tiejun Huang , Bo Xu , Guoqi Li

The Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs), renowned for their bio-inspired operational mechanism and energy efficiency, mirror the human brain's neural activity. Yet, SNNs face challenges in balancing energy efficiency with the computational…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Hongzhi Wang , Xiubo Liang , Mengjian Li , Tao Zhang

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are promising brain-inspired energy-efficient models. Recent progress in training methods has enabled successful deep SNNs on large-scale tasks with low latency. Particularly, backpropagation through time…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-01-03 Mingqing Xiao , Qingyan Meng , Zongpeng Zhang , Di He , Zhouchen Lin

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are a promising alternative to traditional deep learning methods since they perform event-driven information processing. However, a major drawback of SNNs is high inference latency. The efficiency of SNNs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-30 Sayeed Shafayet Chowdhury , Isha Garg , Kaushik Roy

Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are bio-inspired models of neural computation that have proven highly effective. Still, ANNs lack a natural notion of time, and neural units in ANNs exchange analog values in a frame-based manner, a…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2017-10-16 Davide Zambrano , Roeland Nusselder , H. Steven Scholte , Sander Bohte

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are biologically inspired machine learning models that build on dynamic neuronal models processing binary and sparse spiking signals in an event-driven, online, fashion. SNNs can be implemented on neuromorphic…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-12-10 Hyeryung Jang , Nicolas Skatchkovsky , Osvaldo Simeone

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs), providing more realistic neuronal dynamics, have been shown to achieve performance comparable to Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) in several machine learning tasks. Information is processed as spikes within…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Jiaqi Lin , Sen Lu , Malyaban Bal , Abhronil Sengupta

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are a promising approach to low-power applications on neuromorphic hardware due to their energy efficiency. However, training SNNs is challenging because of the non-differentiable spike generation function. To…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Qingyan Meng , Mingqing Xiao , Zhengyu Ma , Huihui Zhou , Yonghong Tian , Zhouchen Lin

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are posited as a computationally efficient and biologically plausible alternative to conventional neural architectures, with their core computational framework primarily using the leaky integrate-and-fire…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Malyaban Bal , Abhronil Sengupta

In the field of image recognition, spiking neural networks (SNNs) have achieved performance comparable to conventional artificial neural networks (ANNs). In such applications, SNNs essentially function as traditional neural networks with…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Enqi Zhang

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) have shown clear advantages over traditional artificial neural networks (ANNs) for low latency and high computational efficiency, due to their event-driven nature and sparse communication. However, the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-07-03 Jibin Wu , Chenglin Xu , Daquan Zhou , Haizhou Li , Kay Chen Tan
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