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As Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly shape online content, removing targeted information from well-trained LLMs (also known as LLM unlearning) has become critical for web governance. A key challenge lies in sample-wise imbalance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Pengyang Shao , Naixin Zhai , Lei Chen , Yonghui Yang , Fengbin Zhu , Xun Yang , Meng Wang

Large language models (LLMs) acquire a large amount of knowledge through pre-training on vast and diverse corpora. While this endows LLMs with strong capabilities in generation and reasoning, it amplifies risks associated with sensitive,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Ce Fang , Zhikun Zhang , Min Chen , Qing Liu , Lu Zhou , Zhe Liu , Yunjun Gao

Machine Unlearning (MU) has recently attracted considerable attention as a solution to privacy and copyright issues in large language models (LLMs). Existing MU methods aim to remove specific target sentences from an LLM while minimizing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Tomoya Yamashita , Yuuki Yamanaka , Masanori Yamada , Takayuki Miura , Toshiki Shibahara , Tomoharu Iwata

Large language models (LLMs) inevitably memorize sensitive, copyrighted, and harmful knowledge from the training corpus; therefore, it is crucial to erase this knowledge from the models. Machine unlearning is a promising solution for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Zhuoran Jin , Pengfei Cao , Chenhao Wang , Zhitao He , Hongbang Yuan , Jiachun Li , Yubo Chen , Kang Liu , Jun Zhao

Instruction-following large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, have become widely popular among everyday users. However, these models inadvertently disclose private, sensitive information to their users, underscoring the need for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Minseok Choi , Daniel Rim , Dohyun Lee , Jaegul Choo

Machine unlearning, a process enabling pre-trained models to remove the influence of specific training samples, has attracted significant attention in recent years. Although extensive research has focused on developing efficient machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Heng Xu , Tianqing Zhu , Dayong Ye , Lefeng Zhang , Le Wang , Wanlei Zhou

Machine unlearning is the problem of removing the effect of a subset of training data (the ''forget set'') from a trained model without damaging the model's utility e.g. to comply with users' requests to delete their data, or remove…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Kairan Zhao , Meghdad Kurmanji , George-Octavian Bărbulescu , Eleni Triantafillou , Peter Triantafillou

Machine unlearning aims to remove the influence of specific training data from a learned model without full retraining. While recent work has begun to explore unlearning in quantum machine learning, existing approaches largely rely on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Nausherwan Malik , Zubair Khalid , Muhammad Faryad

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) embed private or copyrighted information not only in their final answers but also throughout multi-step chain-of-thought (CoT) traces, making reliable unlearning far more demanding than in standard LLMs. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Sangyeon Yoon , Wonje Jeung , Albert No

Machine unlearning is an emerging technology that removes a subset of the training data from a trained model without significantly affecting the model performance on the remaining data. This topic is becoming increasingly important in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Laiqiao Qin , Tianqing Zhu , Linlin Wang , Wanlei Zhou

Mitigating sensitive and harmful outputs is fundamental to ensuring safe deployment of LLMs. Existing approaches typically follow two paradigms: Knowledge Deletion (KD), which erases undesirable information during training, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Puning Yang , Junchi Yu , Qizhou Wang , Philip Torr , Bo Han , Xiuying Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) tend to respond correctly to prompts that align well with the data they were trained and fine-tuned on. Yet, small shifts in wording, format, or language can trigger surprisingly large failures, especially on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yeping Jin , Jiaming Hu , Ioannis Ch. Paschalidis

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit powerful capabilities but risk memorizing sensitive personally identifiable information (PII) from their training data, posing significant privacy concerns. While machine unlearning techniques aim to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Xinjie Zhou , Zhihui Yang , Lechao Cheng , Sai Wu , Gang Chen

Effective training of language models (LMs) for mathematical reasoning tasks demands high-quality supervised fine-tuning data. Besides obtaining annotations from human experts, a common alternative is sampling from larger and more powerful…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-26 Tianduo Wang , Shichen Li , Wei Lu

Machine unlearning is gaining increasing attention as a way to remove adversarial data poisoning attacks from already trained models and to comply with privacy and AI regulations. The objective is to unlearn the effect of undesired data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Jose Miguel Lara Rangel , Stefan Schoepf , Jack Foster , David Krueger , Usman Anwar

Unlearning in large language models (LLMs) aims to remove specified data, but its efficacy is typically assessed with task-level metrics like accuracy and perplexity. We show that these metrics can be misleading, as models can appear to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Xiaoyu Xu , Xiang Yue , Yang Liu , Qingqing Ye , Huadi Zheng , Peizhao Hu , Minxin Du , Haibo Hu

Machine unlearning is the process of removing the imprint left by specific data samples during the training of a machine learning model. AI developers, including those building personalized technologies, employ machine unlearning for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Hanyu Duan , Yi Yang , Ahmed Abbasi , Kar Yan Tam

Unlearning has emerged as a critical capability for large language models (LLMs) to support data privacy, regulatory compliance, and ethical AI deployment. Recent techniques often rely on obfuscation by injecting incorrect or irrelevant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Guangzhi Sun , Potsawee Manakul , Xiao Zhan , Mark Gales

Recent advances in large reasoning models (LRMs) have enabled strong chain-of-thought (CoT) generation through test-time computation. While these multi-step reasoning capabilities represent a major milestone in language model performance,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Changsheng Wang , Chongyu Fan , Yihua Zhang , Jinghan Jia , Dennis Wei , Parikshit Ram , Nathalie Baracaldo , Sijia Liu

The security of biomedical Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has attracted increasing attention. However, training samples easily contain private information and incorrect knowledge that are difficult to detect, potentially leading…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Dunyuan Xu , Xikai Yang , Yaoqian Li , Jinpeng Li , Pheng-Ann Heng