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The rapid advancement of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has ignited discussions regarding their potential to surpass human performance in multimodal tasks. In response, we introduce MANBench (Multimodal Ability Norms Benchmark), a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Han Zhou , Qitong Xu , Yiheng Dong , Xin Yang

The rapid evolution of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has brought substantial advancements in artificial intelligence, significantly enhancing the capability to understand and generate multimodal content. While prior studies have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Lin Li , Guikun Chen , Hanrong Shi , Jun Xiao , Long Chen

Vision-language models (VLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in understanding and reasoning about visual content, but significant challenges persist in tasks requiring cross-viewpoint understanding and spatial reasoning. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Dingming Li , Hongxing Li , Zixuan Wang , Yuchen Yan , Hang Zhang , Siqi Chen , Guiyang Hou , Shengpei Jiang , Wenqi Zhang , Yongliang Shen , Weiming Lu , Yueting Zhuang

Recent advances in multimodal large language models (LLMs) have highlighted their potential for medical and surgical applications. However, existing surgical datasets predominantly adopt a Visual Question Answering (VQA) format with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Tae-Min Choi , Tae Kyeong Jeong , Garam Kim , Jaemin Lee , Yeongyoon Koh , In Cheul Choi , Jae-Ho Chung , Jong Woong Park , Juyoun Park

The rapid advancements in the development of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have consistently led to new breakthroughs on various benchmarks. In response, numerous challenging and comprehensive benchmarks have been proposed to…

Omnidirectional images (ODIs) provide full 360x180 view which are widely adopted in VR, AR and embodied intelligence applications. While multi-modal large language models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance on conventional 2D…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Liu Yang , Huiyu Duan , Ran Tao , Juntao Cheng , Sijing Wu , Yunhao Li , Jing Liu , Xiongkuo Min , Guangtao Zhai

Large vision-language models (LVLMs) have made substantial advances in reasoning tasks at the Olympiad level. Nevertheless, current Olympiad-level multimodal reasoning benchmarks for these models often emphasize single-image analysis and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Qiguang Chen , Chengyu Luan , Jiajun Wu , Qiming Yu , Yi Yang , Yizhuo Li , Jingqi Tong , Xiachong Feng , Libo Qin , Wanxiang Che

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) and Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated outstanding performance in various general multimodal applications and have shown increasing promise in specialized domains. However, their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Chenwei Lin , Hanjia Lyu , Xian Xu , Jiebo Luo

We present a comprehensive evaluation of proprietary and open-weights large language models using the first astronomy-specific benchmarking dataset. This dataset comprises 4,425 multiple-choice questions curated from the Annual Review of…

Evaluating the performance of Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs), integrating both point cloud and language, presents significant challenges. The lack of a comprehensive assessment hampers determining whether these models truly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Junjie Zhang , Tianci Hu , Xiaoshui Huang , Yongshun Gong , Dan Zeng

Spatial cognition is fundamental to real-world multimodal intelligence, allowing models to effectively interact with the physical environment. While multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have made significant strides, existing benchmarks…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Peiran Xu , Sudong Wang , Yao Zhu , Jianing Li , Gege Qi , Yunjian Zhang

Continual pretraining of large language models on domain-specific data has been proposed to enhance performance on downstream tasks. In astronomy, the previous absence of astronomy-focused benchmarks has hindered objective evaluation of…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-10-01 Rui Pan , Tuan Dung Nguyen , Hardik Arora , Alberto Accomazzi , Tirthankar Ghosal , Yuan-Sen Ting

Occlusion perception, a critical foundation for human-level spatial understanding, embodies the challenge of integrating visual recognition and reasoning. Though multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Zhaochen Liu , Kaiwen Gao , Shuyi Liang , Bin Xiao , Limeng Qiao , Lin Ma , Tingting Jiang

The astonishing breakthrough of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) has necessitated new benchmarks to quantitatively assess their capabilities, reveal their limitations, and indicate future research directions. However, this is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Fengxiang Wang , Hongzhen Wang , Mingshuo Chen , Di Wang , Yulin Wang , Zonghao Guo , Qiang Ma , Long Lan , Wenjing Yang , Jing Zhang , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have increasingly supported omni-modal processing across text, vision, and speech. However, existing evaluation frameworks for such models suffer from critical limitations, including modality…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Seunghee Kim , Ingyu Bang , Seokgyu Jang , Changhyeon Kim , Sanghwan Bae , Jihun Choi , Richeng Xuan , Taeuk Kim

Recent advances in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have demonstrated substantial potential in video understanding. However, existing benchmarks fail to comprehensively evaluate synergistic reasoning capabilities across audio and…

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown remarkable progress in high-level semantic tasks such as visual question answering, image captioning, and emotion recognition. However, despite advancements, there remains a lack of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Shezheng Song , Chengxiang He , Shan Zhao , Chengyu Wang , Qian Wan , Tianwei Yan , Meng Wang

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have demonstrated powerful capabilities in general spatial understanding and reasoning. However, their fine-grained spatial understanding and reasoning capabilities in complex urban scenarios have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Jun Zhang , Jie Feng , Long Chen , Junhui Wang , Zhicheng Liu , Depeng Jin , Yong Li

Despite the advancements and impressive performance of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) on benchmarks, their effectiveness in real-world, long-context, and multi-image tasks is unclear due to the benchmarks' limited scope. Existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Dingjie Song , Shunian Chen , Guiming Hardy Chen , Fei Yu , Xiang Wan , Benyou Wang

Multilingual large language models (LLMs) are advancing rapidly, with new models frequently claiming support for an increasing number of languages. However, existing evaluation datasets are limited and lack cross-lingual alignment, leaving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Wenhan Han , Yifan Zhang , Zhixun Chen , Binbin Liu , Haobin Lin , Bingni Zhang , Taifeng Wang , Mykola Pechenizkiy , Meng Fang , Yin Zheng