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This paper focuses on jailbreaking attacks against multi-modal large language models (MLLMs), seeking to elicit MLLMs to generate objectionable responses to harmful user queries. A maximum likelihood-based algorithm is proposed to find an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Zhenxing Niu , Haodong Ren , Xinbo Gao , Gang Hua , Rong Jin

Text-to-SQL aims at generating SQL queries for the given natural language questions and thus helping users to query databases. Prompt learning with large language models (LLMs) has emerged as a recent approach, which designs prompts to lead…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Chunxi Guo , Zhiliang Tian , Jintao Tang , Shasha Li , Zhihua Wen , Kaixuan Wang , Ting Wang

Reinforcement learning (RL) has become a standard approach for post-training large language models and, more recently, for improving image generation models, which uses reward functions to enhance generation quality and human preference…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Yunqi Hong , Kuei-Chun Kao , Hengguang Zhou , Cho-Jui Hsieh

Text-to-image (T2I) models have been widely applied in generating high-fidelity images across various domains. However, these models may also be abused to produce Not-Safe-for-Work (NSFW) content via jailbreak attacks. Existing jailbreak…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Xingkai Peng , Jun Jiang , Meng Tong , Shuai Li , Weiming Zhang , Nenghai Yu , Kejiang Chen

As Vision-Language Models (VLMs) demonstrate increasing capabilities across real-world applications such as code generation and chatbot assistance, ensuring their safety has become paramount. Unlike traditional Large Language Models (LLMs),…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Peiyuan Tang , Haojie Xin , Xiaodong Zhang , Jun Sun , Qin Xia , Zijiang Yang

With the recent advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs), generating functionally correct code has become less complicated for a wide array of developers. While using LLMs has sped up the functional development process, it poses a heavy…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-01 Nafis Tanveer Islam , Mohammad Bahrami Karkevandi , Peyman Najafirad

Self-supervised models are increasingly prevalent in machine learning (ML) since they reduce the need for expensively labeled data. Because of their versatility in downstream applications, they are increasingly used as a service exposed via…

With the advent and widespread deployment of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), the imperative to ensure their safety has become increasingly pronounced. However, with the integration of additional modalities, MLLMs are exposed to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Yu Wang , Xiaogeng Liu , Yu Li , Muhao Chen , Chaowei Xiao

The adoption of large language models (LLMs) in many applications, from customer service chat bots and software development assistants to more capable agentic systems necessitates research into how to secure these systems. Attacks like…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Erick Galinkin , Martin Sablotny

Previous work on augmenting large multimodal models (LMMs) for text-to-image (T2I) generation has focused on enriching the input space of in-context learning (ICL). This includes providing a few demonstrations and optimizing image…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Yongyu Mu , Hengyu Li , Junxin Wang , Xiaoxuan Zhou , Chenglong Wang , Yingfeng Luo , Qiaozhi He , Tong Xiao , Guocheng Chen , Jingbo Zhu

As powerful pre-trained vision-language models (VLMs) like CLIP gain prominence, numerous studies have attempted to combine VLMs for downstream tasks. Among these, prompt learning has been validated as an effective method for adapting to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-19 Yu Du , Tong Niu , Rong Zhao

The pre-trained foundation models (PFMs) have become essential for facilitating large-scale multimodal learning. Researchers have effectively employed the ``pre-train, prompt, and predict'' paradigm through prompt learning to induce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Xiang Chen , Yixin Ou , Quan Feng , Lei Li , Piji Li , Haibo Ye , Sheng-Jun Huang , Shuofei Qiao , Shumin Deng , Huajun Chen , Ningyu Zhang

Multi-Modal Language Models (MLLMs) have transformed artificial intelligence by combining visual and text data, making applications like image captioning, visual question answering, and multi-modal content creation possible. This ability to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Pete Janowczyk , Linda Laurier , Ave Giulietta , Arlo Octavia , Meade Cleti

Large language models (LLMs) have attracted great attention given their strong performance on a wide range of NLP tasks. In practice, users often expect generated texts to fall within a specific length range, making length controlled…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Renlong Jie , Xiaojun Meng , Lifeng Shang , Xin Jiang , Qun Liu

Backdoor attacks pose a critical threat by embedding hidden triggers into inputs, causing models to misclassify them into target labels. While extensive research has focused on mitigating these attacks in object recognition models through…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Kyle Stein , Andrew Arash Mahyari , Guillermo Francia , Eman El-Sheikh

In this work, we propose a training-free method to inject visual prompts into Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) through test-time optimization of a learnable latent variable. We observe that attention, as the core module of MLLMs,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Mingrui Wu , Xinyue Cai , Jiayi Ji , Jiale Li , Oucheng Huang , Gen Luo , Hao Fei , Guannan Jiang , Xiaoshuai Sun , Rongrong Ji

Flow matching models (FMs) have revolutionized text-to-image (T2I) generation, with reinforcement learning (RL) serving as a critical post-training strategy for alignment with reward objectives. In this research, we show that current RL…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Fu-Yun Wang , Han Zhang , Michael Gharbi , Hongsheng Li , Taesung Park

Large language models (LLMs) have made tremendous progress in natural language understanding and they have also been successfully adopted in other domains such as computer vision, robotics, reinforcement learning, etc. In this work, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-17 Reza Pourreza , Apratim Bhattacharyya , Sunny Panchal , Mingu Lee , Pulkit Madan , Roland Memisevic

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools, but their inherent safety risks - ranging from harmful content generation to broader societal harms - pose significant challenges. These risks can be amplified by the recent…

Jailbreak prompts are a practical and evolving threat to large language models (LLMs), particularly in agentic systems that execute tools over untrusted content. Many attacks exploit long-context hiding, semantic camouflage, and lightweight…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Doron Shavit