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In order to plan for failure recovery, the designers of cloud systems need to understand how their system can potentially fail. Unfortunately, analyzing the failure behavior of such systems can be very difficult and time-consuming, due to…
Memory is essential for enabling large language models to support long-horizon reasoning, yet existing memory systems remain unreliable and difficult to debug. Tracing memory's dynamic evolution is crucial to understand how information is…
Modern microservice systems exhibit continuous structural evolution in their runtime call graphs due to workload fluctuations, fault responses, and deployment activities. Despite this complexity, our analysis of over 500,000 production…
Widely adopted for their scalability and flexibility, modern microservice systems present unique failure diagnosis challenges due to their independent deployment and dynamic interactions. This complexity can lead to cascading failures that…
Microservice architecture has become a popular architecture adopted by many cloud applications. However, identifying the root cause of a failure in microservice systems is still a challenging and time-consuming task. In recent years,…
The momentum gained by microservices and cloud-native software architecture pushed nowadays enterprise IT towards multi-service applications. The proliferation of services and service interactions within applications, often consisting of…
Microservice resilience, the ability of microservices to recover from failures and continue providing reliable and responsive services, is crucial for cloud vendors. However, the current practice relies on manually configured rules specific…
Large Language Models (LLMs) deployed in practical and safety-critical settings are increasingly susceptible to bit-flip faults caused by hardware degradation, cosmic radiation, or deliberate fault-injection attacks such as Rowhammer. These…
Microservice based systems underpin modern distributed computing environments but remain vulnerable to partial failures, cascading timeouts, and inconsistent recovery behavior. Although numerous resilience and recovery patterns have been…
As the modern microservice architecture for cloud applications grows in popularity, cloud services are becoming increasingly complex and more vulnerable to misconfiguration and software bugs. Traditional approaches rely on expert input to…
Distributed tracing has become an essential technique for debugging and troubleshooting modern microservice-based applications, enabling software engineers to detect performance bottlenecks, identify failures, and gain insights into system…
LLM inference latency critically determines user experience and operational costs, directly impacting throughput under SLO constraints. Even brief latency spikes degrade service quality despite acceptable average performance. However,…
Program errors can occur in any type of programming, and can manifest in a variety of ways, such as unexpected output, crashes, or performance issues. And program error diagnosis can often be too abstract or technical for developers to…
Cloud application services are distributed in nature and have components across the stack working together to deliver the experience to end users. The wide adoption of microservice architecture exacerbates failure management due to…
Large Language Model (LLM)-based Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) enable complex problem-solving but introduce significant debugging challenges, characterized by long interaction traces, inter-agent dependencies, and delayed error manifestation.…
Today, many users deploy their microservice-based applications with various interconnections on a cluster of Cloud machines, subject to stochastic changes due to dynamic user requirements. To address this problem, we compare three machine…
The rise of microservice architectures has revolutionized application design, fostering adaptability and resilience. These architectures facilitate scaling and encourage collaborative efforts among specialized teams, streamlining deployment…
Deploying large language model (LLM)-driven conversational agents in enterprise settings requires prompts that are simultaneously correct at launch and resilient to the non-deterministic behavioral drift that characterizes production LLM…
Hyperscale large language model (LLM) inference places extraordinary demands on cloud systems, where even brief failures can translate into significant user and business impact. To better understand and mitigate these risks, we present one…
Large Language Models (LLM) benchmarks tell us when models fail, but not why they fail. A wrong answer on a reasoning dataset may stem from formatting issues, calculation errors, or dataset noise rather than weak reasoning. Without…