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As Large Language Models (LLMs) continue to be increasingly applied across various domains, their widespread adoption necessitates rigorous monitoring to prevent unintended negative consequences and ensure robustness. Furthermore, LLMs must…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Seshu Tirupathi , Dhaval Salwala , Elizabeth Daly , Inge Vejsbjerg

Advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) are revolutionizing the development of autonomous agentic systems by enabling dynamic, context-aware task decomposition and automated tool selection. These sophisticated systems possess…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Adrian Garret Gabriel , Alaa Alameer Ahmad , Shankar Kumar Jeyakumar

Reliable evaluation is essential for developing and deploying large language models, yet in practice it often requires substantial manual effort: practitioners must identify appropriate benchmarks, reproduce heterogeneous evaluation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Chengyu Shen , Yanheng Hou , Minghui Pan , Runming He , Zhen Hao Wong , Meiyi Qiang , Zhou Liu , Hao Liang , Peichao Lai , Zeang Sheng , Wentao Zhang

Designing realistic and adaptive networked threat scenarios remains a core challenge in cybersecurity research and training, still requiring substantial manual effort. While large language models (LLMs) show promise for automated synthesis,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Ana M. Rodriguez , Jaime Acosta , Anantaa Kotal , Aritran Piplai

The field of Artificial Intelligence is undergoing a transition from Generative AI -- probabilistic generation of text and images -- to Agentic AI, in which autonomous systems execute actions within external environments on behalf of users.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Sheng Cao , Zhao Chang , Chang Li , Hannan Li , Liyao Fu , Ji Tang

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are evolving from passive observers into active agents, solving problems through Visual Expansion (invoking visual tools) and Knowledge Expansion (open-web search). However, existing evaluations fall…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Qianshan Wei , Yishan Yang , Siyi Wang , Jinglin Chen , Binyu Wang , Jiaming Wang , Shuang Chen , Zechen Li , Yang Shi , Yuqi Tang , Weining Wang , Yi Yu , Chaoyou Fu , Qi Li , Yi-Fan Zhang

In the current rapidly changing digital environment, businesses are under constant stress to ensure that their systems are secured. Security audits help to maintain a strong security posture by ensuring that policies are in place, controls…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Jia Hui Chin , Pu Zhang , Yu Xin Cheong , Jonathan Pan

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed within agentic systems - collections of interacting, LLM-powered agents that execute complex, adaptive workflows using memory, tools, and dynamic planning. While enabling powerful new…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Dany Moshkovich , Sergey Zeltyn

Despite the rapid advancement of LLM-based agents, the reliable evaluation of their safety and security remains a significant challenge. Existing rule-based or LLM-based evaluators often miss dangers in agents' step-by-step actions,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Hanjun Luo , Shenyu Dai , Chiming Ni , Xinfeng Li , Guibin Zhang , Kun Wang , Tongliang Liu , Hanan Salam

Software testing has progressed toward intelligent automation, yet current AI-based test generators still suffer from static, single-shot outputs that frequently produce invalid, redundant, or non-executable tests due to the lack of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Saba Naqvi , Mohammad Baqar , Nawaz Ali Mohammad

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been increasingly integrated into computer-use agents, which can autonomously operate tools on a user's computer to accomplish complex tasks. However, due to the inherently unstable and unpredictable nature…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Haitao Hu , Peng Chen , Yanpeng Zhao , Yuqi Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly applied in healthcare, yet ensuring their ethical integrity and safety compliance remains a major barrier to clinical deployment. This work introduces a multi-agent refinement framework designed…

With the growing adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) in automating complex, multi-agent workflows, organizations face mounting risks from errors, emergent behaviors, and systemic failures that current evaluation methods fail to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-19 NVJK Kartik , Garvit Sapra , Rishav Hada , Nikhil Pareek

Evaluating large language models (LLM) in clinical scenarios is crucial to assessing their potential clinical utility. Existing benchmarks rely heavily on static question-answering, which does not accurately depict the complex, sequential…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Samuel Schmidgall , Rojin Ziaei , Carl Harris , Eduardo Reis , Jeffrey Jopling , Michael Moor

With the recent emergence of revolutionary autonomous agentic systems, research community is witnessing a significant shift from traditional static, passive, and domain-specific AI agents toward more dynamic, proactive, and generalizable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Huanjin Yao , Ruifei Zhang , Jiaxing Huang , Jingyi Zhang , Yibo Wang , Bo Fang , Ruolin Zhu , Yongcheng Jing , Shunyu Liu , Guanbin Li , Dacheng Tao

The rapid rise of Large Language Models (LLMs)-based intelligent agents underscores the need for robust, scalable evaluation frameworks. Existing methods rely on static benchmarks and labor-intensive data collection, limiting practical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Zhiwei Liu , Jielin Qiu , Shiyu Wang , Jianguo Zhang , Zuxin Liu , Roshan Ram , Haolin Chen , Weiran Yao , Shelby Heinecke , Silvio Savarese , Huan Wang , Caiming Xiong

The emergence of agentic recommender systems powered by Large Language Models (LLMs) represents a paradigm shift in personalized recommendations, leveraging LLMs' advanced reasoning and role-playing capabilities to enable autonomous,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Yu Shang , Peijie Liu , Yuwei Yan , Zijing Wu , Leheng Sheng , Yuanqing Yu , Chumeng Jiang , An Zhang , Fengli Xu , Yu Wang , Min Zhang , Yong Li

The rise of AI agents introduces complex safety and security challenges arising from autonomous tool use and environmental interactions. Current guardrail models lack agentic risk awareness and transparency in risk diagnosis. To introduce…

The rapid rise of autonomous AI systems and advancements in agent capabilities are introducing new risks due to reduced oversight of real-world interactions. Yet agent testing remains nascent and is still a developing science. As AI agents…

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as agents, their integration into interactive environments and tool use introduce new safety challenges beyond those associated with the models themselves. However, the absence of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Zhexin Zhang , Shiyao Cui , Yida Lu , Jingzhuo Zhou , Junxiao Yang , Hongning Wang , Minlie Huang