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The upcoming Sixth Generation (6G) mobile communications system envisions supporting a variety of use cases with differing characteristics, e.g., very low to extremely high data rates, diverse latency needs, ultra massive connectivity,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Rashmi Yadav , Rashmi Kamran , Pranav Jha , Abhay Karandikar

On the one hand, Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs) emerge as a promising solution to meet the demand for higher data rates, improved coverage, and efficient spectrum utilization. On the other hand, Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTNs)…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Muhammad Ali Jamshed , Aryan Kaushik , Mesut Toka , Wonjae Shin , Muhammad Zeeshan Shakir , Soumya P. Dash , Davide Dardari

While the 5th generation (5G) of mobile networks has landed in the commercial area, the research community is exploring new functionalities for 6th generation (6G) networks, for example non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) via space/air nodes…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-05-10 Mattia Sandri , Matteo Pagin , Marco Giordani , Michele Zorzi

6G networks are envisioned to deliver a large diversity of applications and meet stringent quality of service (QoS) requirements. Hence, integrated terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks (TN-NTNs) are anticipated to be key enabling…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Sahar Ammar , Chun Pong Lau , Basem Shihada

Non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) will complement terrestrial networks (TNs) in 5G and beyond, which can be attributed to recent deployment and standardization activities. Maximizing the efficiency of NTN communications is critical to unlock…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Mikko Majamaa

This demo paper presents a dApp-based real-time spectrum sharing scenario where a 5th generation (5G) base station implementing the NR stack adapts its transmission and reception strategies based on the incumbent priority users in the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Rajeev Gangula , Andrea Lacava , Michele Polese , Salvatore D'Oro , Leonardo Bonati , Florian Kaltenberger , Pedram Johari , Tommaso Melodia

Scalability is a major challenge in non-geostationary orbit (NGSO) satellite networks due to the massive number of ground users sharing the limited sub-6 GHz spectrum. Using K- and higher bands is a promising alternative to increase the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Israel Leyva-Mayorga , Shashi Raj Pandey , Petar Popovski , Fabio Saggese , Beatriz Soret , Cedomir Stefanovic

The co-existence of terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) is essential for achieving global coverage in sixth-generation cellular networks. Due to increasing spectrum demand, there is discussion in the world level to share some…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-06 Lingrui Zhang , Zheng Li , Sheng Yang

This paper overviews the 3GPP 5G NR-NTN standard, detailing the evolution from Rel. 18 to 19 and innovations for Rel. 20. Using realistic ns-3 simulations validated against 3GPP calibration data, we evaluate various satellite network…

The advent of 5G virtualized Radio Access Networks (vRANs) brings a new challenge with regards to computer architectures. It requires to select or design computing technologies that provide a sufficient level of performance while maximizing…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Romain Beurdouche , Raymond Knopp

The emerging fifth generation (5G) and the upcoming sixth generation (6G) communication technologies introduce the use of space- and airborne networks in their architectures under the scope of non-terrestrial networks (NTNs). With this…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-08-02 Amina Fellan , Ainur Daurembekova , Hans D. Schotten

6th generation (6G) communication research is currently focusing on non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) to promote ubiquitous and ultra-high-capacity global connectivity. Specifically, multi-layered hierarchical networks, i.e., the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-08-03 Dengke Wang , Marco Giordani , Mohamed-Slim Alouini , Michele Zorzi

This study presents an end-to-end wireless digital twin platform constructed using open-source software and open data to enhance the evaluation of mobile communication systems. The proposed open wireless digital twin (OWDT) integrates…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Tetsuya Iye , Masaya Sakamoto , Shohei Takaya , Eisaku Sato , Yuki Susukida , Yu Nagaoka , Kazuki Maruta , Jin Nakazato

Near-space communication network (NS-ComNet), as an indispensable component of sixth-generation (6G) and beyond mobile communication systems and the space-air-ground-sea integrated network (SAGSIN), demonstrates unique advantages in…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-20 Xinhua Liu , Zhen Gao , Ziwei Wan , Zhonghuai Wu , Tuan Li , Tianqi Mao , Xiao Liang , Dezhi Zheng , Jun Zhang

The International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT)-2030 framework recently adopted by the International Telecommunication Union Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R) envisions 6G networks to deliver intelligent, seamless connectivity that…

An essential component for the Fifth Generation of Mobile Networks deployments is the 5G Core (5GC), which bridges the 5G Radio Access Network (RAN) to the rest of the Internet. Some open-source platforms for the 5GC have emerged and been…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Maria Barbosa , Marcelo Silva , Ednelson Cavalcanti , Kelvin Dias

Satellite Communication systems are a promising solution to extend and complement terrestrial networks in unserved or under-served areas. This aspect is reflected by recent commercial and standardisation endeavours. In particular, 3GPP…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2018-06-07 A. Guidotti , A. Vanelli-Coralli , M. Conti , S. Andrenacci , S. Chatzinotas , N. Maturo , B. Evans , A. Awoseyila , A. Ugolini , T. Foggi , L. Gaudio , N. Alagha , S. Cioni

Direct Device-to-Satellite (D2S) communications, which enable direct satellite connectivity with unmodified user equipment (UE), not only expand global coverage but also reshape the evolution of future access networks. However, D2S links…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-29 Konstantinos Nikitopoulos , Chathura Jayawardena

5G cellular networks are now a reality and promise to improve key performance indicators (KPIs), such as Gbps data rates and latencies in the order of milliseconds. While some of these KPIs are achievable in urban scenarios, rural areas…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-05 Alejandro Ramírez-Arroyo , Melisa López , Ignacio Rodríguez , Sebastian Bro Damsgaard , Preben Mogensen

In this paper, we present the vision of our project 6G for Connected Sky (6G-SKY) to integrate terrestrial networks (TNs) and non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) and outline the current research activities in 6G research projects in comparison…