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Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in code generation, where the natural language prompt plays a crucial role in conveying user intent to the model. However, prior studies have shown that LLMs are highly…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Shuhan Liu , Xing Hu , Kerui Huang , Xiaohu Yang , David Lo , Xin Xia

Large Language Models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks, which attempt to elicit harmful responses from LLMs. The evolving nature and diversity of these attacks pose many challenges for defense systems, including (1) adaptation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Guangyu Yang , Jinghong Chen , Jingbiao Mei , Weizhe Lin , Bill Byrne

Counterfactual explanation methods interpret the outputs of a machine learning model in the form of "what-if scenarios" without compromising the fidelity-interpretability trade-off. They explain how to obtain a desired prediction from the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-19 Peyman Rasouli , Ingrid Chieh Yu

Robust unlearning is crucial for safely deploying large language models (LLMs) in environments where data privacy, model safety, and regulatory compliance must be ensured. Yet the task is inherently challenging, partly due to difficulties…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Vineeth Dorna , Anmol Mekala , Wenlong Zhao , Andrew McCallum , Zachary C. Lipton , J. Zico Kolter , Pratyush Maini

Enabling large language models (LLMs) to unlearn knowledge and capabilities acquired during training has proven vital for ensuring compliance with data regulations and promoting ethical practices in generative AI. Although there are growing…

The capacity of large language models (LLMs) to generate honest, harmless, and helpful responses heavily relies on the quality of user prompts. However, these prompts often tend to be brief and vague, thereby significantly limiting the full…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Xiaohua Wang , Zisu Huang , Feiran Zhang , Zhibo Xu , Cenyuan Zhang , Qi Qian , Xiaoqing Zheng , Xuanjing Huang

Training deep neural networks often requires large-scale datasets, necessitating storage and processing on cloud servers due to computational constraints. The procedures must follow strict privacy regulations in domains like healthcare.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Halil Ibrahim Kanpak , Aqsa Shabbir , Esra Genç , Alptekin Küpçü , Sinem Sav

Legal Passage Retrieval (LPR) systems are crucial as they help practitioners save time when drafting legal arguments. However, it remains an underexplored avenue. One primary reason is the significant vocabulary mismatch between the query…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Daehee Kim , Deokhyung Kang , Jonghwi Kim , Sangwon Ryu , Gary Geunbae Lee

Machine unlearning addresses the problem of updating a machine learning model/system trained on a dataset $S$ so that the influence of a set of deletion requests $U \subseteq S$ on the unlearned model is minimized. The gold standard…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Linda Lu , Ayush Sekhari , Karthik Sridharan

This paper explores the intricate relationship between interpretability and robustness in deep learning models. Despite their remarkable performance across various tasks, deep learning models often exhibit critical vulnerabilities,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Navid Nayyem , Abdullah Rakin , Longwei Wang

Fine-tuning multi-turn dialogue systems requires high-quality supervision but often suffers from degraded performance when exposed to low-quality data. Supervision errors in early turns can propagate across subsequent turns, undermining…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Yiming Du , Yifan Xiang , Bin Liang , Dahua Lin , Kam-Fai Wong , Fei Tan

Large Language Models (LLMs) deployed in real-world settings increasingly face the need to unlearn sensitive, outdated, or proprietary information. Existing unlearning methods typically formulate forgetting and retention as a regularized…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Taha Entesari , Arman Hatami , Rinat Khaziev , Anil Ramakrishna , Mahyar Fazlyab

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has demonstrated their vast potential across various domains, attributed to their extensive pretraining knowledge and exceptional generalizability. However, LLMs often encounter…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Zheyuan Liu , Guangyao Dou , Zhaoxuan Tan , Yijun Tian , Meng Jiang

Large language models (LLMs) have advanced to encompass extensive knowledge across diverse domains. Yet controlling what a large language model should not know is important for ensuring alignment and thus safe use. However, accurately and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Chris Yuhao Liu , Yaxuan Wang , Jeffrey Flanigan , Yang Liu

Large language models (LLMs) often hallucinate in long-form generation. Existing approaches mainly improve factuality through post-hoc revision or reinforcement learning (RL) with correctness-based rewards, but they do not teach the model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Xin Liu , Lu Wang

Machine unlearning aims to remove the influence of specific training data from a model while preserving reliable behavior on the remaining data, making reliable prediction and uncertainty estimation essential for evaluation. Calibration is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Divyaksh Shukla , Ashutosh Modi

The widespread popularity of Large Language Models (LLMs), partly due to their unique ability to perform in-context learning, has also brought to light the importance of ethical and safety considerations when deploying these pre-trained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Karuna Bhaila , Minh-Hao Van , Xintao Wu

Unlearning in Large Language Models (LLMs) aims to enhance safety, mitigate biases, and comply with legal mandates, such as the right to be forgotten. However, existing unlearning methods are brittle: minor query modifications, such as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Raj Sanjay Shah , Jing Huang , Keerthiram Murugesan , Nathalie Baracaldo , Diyi Yang

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly adopted in safety-critical and regulated sectors, the retention of sensitive or prohibited knowledge introduces escalating risks, ranging from privacy leakage to regulatory non-compliance to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Taozhao Chen , Linghan Huang , Kim-Kwang Raymond Choo , Huaming Chen

Existing multilingual embedding models often encounter challenges in cross-lingual scenarios due to imbalanced linguistic resources and less consideration of cross-lingual alignment during training. Although standardized contrastive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Seungyoon Lee , Minhyuk Kim , Seongtae Hong , Youngjoon Jang , Dongsuk Oh , Heuiseok Lim