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Grammatical Error Correction (GEC) is the task of automatically detecting and correcting errors in text. The task not only includes the correction of grammatical errors, such as missing prepositions and mismatched subject-verb agreement,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Christopher Bryant , Zheng Yuan , Muhammad Reza Qorib , Hannan Cao , Hwee Tou Ng , Ted Briscoe

Large language models (LLMs) have significantly transformed the educational landscape. As current plagiarism detection tools struggle to keep pace with LLMs' rapid advancements, the educational community faces the challenge of assessing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Roy Xie , Chengxuan Huang , Junlin Wang , Bhuwan Dhingra

Quality estimation models have been developed to assess the corrections made by grammatical error correction (GEC) models when the reference or gold-standard corrections are not available. An ideal quality estimator can be utilized to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Muhammad Reza Qorib , Hwee Tou Ng

In Grammatical Error Correction (GEC), sequence labeling models enjoy fast inference compared to sequence-to-sequence models; however, inference in sequence labeling GEC models is an iterative process, as sentences are passed to the model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Kevin Parnow , Zuchao Li , Hai Zhao

Grammatical error correction systems improve written communication by detecting and correcting language mistakes. To help language learners better understand why the GEC system makes a certain correction, the causes of errors (evidence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Yuejiao Fei , Leyang Cui , Sen Yang , Wai Lam , Zhenzhong Lan , Shuming Shi

Grammatical error correction (GEC) is an important task in Natural Language Processing that aims to automatically detect and correct grammatical mistakes in text. While recent advances in transformer-based models and large annotated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Somsubhra De , Harsh Kumar , Arun Prakash A

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise in Automated Essay Scoring (AES), but their zero-shot and few-shot performance often falls short compared to state-of-the-art models and human raters. However, fine-tuning LLMs for each…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Seungju Kim , Meounggun Jo

The deployment of large language models (LLMs) has raised security concerns due to their susceptibility to producing harmful or policy-violating outputs when exposed to adversarial prompts. While alignment and guardrails mitigate common…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Rishit Chugh

The prevalent use of too few references for evaluating text-to-text generation is known to bias estimates of their quality ({\it low coverage bias} or LCB). This paper shows that overcoming LCB in Grammatical Error Correction (GEC)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-19 Leshem Choshen , Omri Abend

Large Language Models (LLMs) evaluation is a patchy and inconsistent landscape, and it is becoming clear that the quality of automatic evaluation metrics is not keeping up with the pace of development of generative models. We aim to improve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Andrea Sottana , Bin Liang , Kai Zou , Zheng Yuan

Model-based, reference-free evaluation metrics have been proposed as a fast and cost-effective approach to evaluate Natural Language Generation (NLG) systems. Despite promising recent results, we find evidence that reference-free evaluation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-22 Esin Durmus , Faisal Ladhak , Tatsunori Hashimoto

Evaluation of grammatical error correction (GEC) systems has primarily focused on essays written by non-native learners of English, which however is only part of the full spectrum of GEC applications. We aim to broaden the target domain of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-16 Simon Flachs , Ophélie Lacroix , Helen Yannakoudakis , Marek Rei , Anders Søgaard

Adversarial loss in a conditional generative adversarial network (GAN) is not designed to directly optimize evaluation metrics of a target task, and thus, may not always guide the generator in a GAN to generate data with improved metric…

Sound · Computer Science 2019-05-14 Szu-Wei Fu , Chien-Feng Liao , Yu Tsao , Shou-De Lin

A Grammatical Error Correction (GEC) system produces a sequence of edits to correct an erroneous sentence. The quality of these edits is typically evaluated against human annotations. However, a sentence may admit multiple valid…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Qiyuan Xiao , Xiaoman Wang , Yunshi Lan

We treat grammatical error correction (GEC) as a classification problem in this study, where for different types of errors, a target word is identified, and the classifier predicts the correct word form from a set of possible choices. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-07-03 Zhu Kaili , Chuan Wang , Ruobing Li , Yang Liu , Tianlei Hu , Hui Lin

The automatic evaluation of Language Model (LM) responses is a critical piece in the development of benchmarks and metrics, both for model training and quality assessment of production model endpoints. The current approaches to response…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Nicolás Aguirre , Ramiro Caso , Ramiro Rodríguez Colmeiro , Mauro Santelli , Joaquín Toranzo Calderón

This study explores enhancing grammatical error correction (GEC) through artificial error generation (AEG) using language models (LMs). Specifically, we fine-tune Llama 2-based LMs for error generation and find that this approach yields…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Agnes Luhtaru , Taido Purason , Martin Vainikko , Maksym Del , Mark Fishel

In the era of large language models (LLMs), in-context learning (ICL) stands out as an effective prompting strategy that explores LLMs' potency across various tasks. However, applying LLMs to grammatical error correction (GEC) is still a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Chenming Tang , Fanyi Qu , Yunfang Wu

Synthetic data construction of Grammatical Error Correction (GEC) for non-English languages relies heavily on human-designed and language-specific rules, which produce limited error-corrected patterns. In this paper, we propose a generic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-27 Xin Sun , Tao Ge , Shuming Ma , Jingjing Li , Furu Wei , Houfeng Wang

In grammatical error correction (GEC), automatic evaluation is an important factor for research and development of GEC systems. Previous studies on automatic evaluation have demonstrated that quality estimation models built from datasets…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-21 Daisuke Suzuki , Yujin Takahashi , Ikumi Yamashita , Taichi Aida , Tosho Hirasawa , Michitaka Nakatsuji , Masato Mita , Mamoru Komachi