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There has been a flurry of activity around using pretrained diffusion models as informed data priors for solving inverse problems, and more generally around steering these models using reward models. Training-free methods like diffusion…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Aayush Karan , Kulin Shah , Sitan Chen

Diffusion-based and iterative methods have become effective tools for solving imaging inverse problems. Their reconstruction process naturally forms a trajectory of intermediate estimates. Although these intermediate estimates define a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Chaoyan Huang , Haijie Yuan , Saiprasad Ravishankar

The rapid advancement in visual generation, particularly the emergence of pre-trained text-to-image and text-to-video models, has catalyzed growing interest in training-free video editing research. Mirroring training-free image editing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Lianghan Zhu , Yanqi Bao , Jing Huo , Jing Wu , Yu-Kun Lai , Wenbin Li , Yang Gao

Training-free guidance enables pre-trained diffusion and flow models to optimize application-specific objectives using feedback from external black-box reward functions. However, existing methods are feedback-inefficient because reward…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Kim Yong Tan , Yueming Lyu , Ivor Tsang , Yew-Soon Ong

Recent advances in text-to-image (T2I) diffusion models have enabled impressive image generation capabilities guided by text prompts. However, extending these techniques to video generation remains challenging, with existing text-to-video…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Weifeng Chen , Yatai Ji , Jie Wu , Hefeng Wu , Pan Xie , Jiashi Li , Xin Xia , Xuefeng Xiao , Liang Lin

In this paper, we make the first attempt to align diffusion models for image inpainting with human aesthetic standards via a reinforcement learning framework, significantly improving the quality and visual appeal of inpainted images.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Kendong Liu , Zhiyu Zhu , Chuanhao Li , Hui Liu , Huanqiang Zeng , Junhui Hou

This study presents a generative optimization framework that builds on a fine-tuned diffusion model and reward-directed sampling to generate high-performance engineering designs. The framework adopts a parametric representation of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Hadi Keramati , Patrick Kirchen , Mohammed Hannan , Rajeev K. Jaiman

Precise image editing with text-to-image models has attracted increasing interest due to their remarkable generative capabilities and user-friendly nature. However, such attempts face the pivotal challenge of misalignment between the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Wei Wu , Qingnan Fan , Shuai Qin , Hong Gu , Ruoyu Zhao , Antoni B. Chan

Text-guided diffusion models have advanced image editing by enabling intuitive control through language. However, despite their strong capabilities, we surprisingly find that SOTA methods struggle with simple, everyday transformations such…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-27 Omar Elezabi , Eduard Zamfir , Zongwei Wu , Radu Timofte

Applying pre-trained generative denoising diffusion models (DDMs) for downstream tasks such as image semantic editing usually requires either fine-tuning DDMs or learning auxiliary editing networks in the existing literature. In this work,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Ye Zhu , Yu Wu , Zhiwei Deng , Olga Russakovsky , Yan Yan

Cross-modality image segmentation aims to segment the target modalities using a method designed in the source modality. Deep generative models can translate the target modality images into the source modality, thus enabling cross-modality…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-11 Zihao Wang , Yingyu Yang , Yuzhou Chen , Tingting Yuan , Maxime Sermesant , Herve Delingette , Ona Wu

Diffusion models have recently been shown to generate high-quality synthetic images, especially when paired with a guidance technique to trade off diversity for fidelity. We explore diffusion models for the problem of text-conditional image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-09 Alex Nichol , Prafulla Dhariwal , Aditya Ramesh , Pranav Shyam , Pamela Mishkin , Bob McGrew , Ilya Sutskever , Mark Chen

Editing real images using a pre-trained text-to-image (T2I) diffusion/flow model often involves inverting the image into its corresponding noise map. However, inversion by itself is typically insufficient for obtaining satisfactory results,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Vladimir Kulikov , Matan Kleiner , Inbar Huberman-Spiegelglas , Tomer Michaeli

Conditional generative models typically demand large annotated training sets to achieve high-quality synthesis. As a result, there has been significant interest in designing models that perform plug-and-play generation, i.e., to use a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Nithin Gopalakrishnan Nair , Anoop Cherian , Suhas Lohit , Ye Wang , Toshiaki Koike-Akino , Vishal M. Patel , Tim K. Marks

Image inpainting aims to fill in the missing pixels with visually coherent and semantically plausible content. Despite the great progress brought from deep generative models, this task still suffers from i. the difficulties in large-scale…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Siyuan Yang , Lu Zhang , Liqian Ma , Yu Liu , JingJing Fu , You He

Diffusion models have emerged as a formidable tool for training-free conditional generation.However, a key hurdle in inference-time guidance techniques is the need for compute-heavy backpropagation through the diffusion network for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Nithin Gopalakrishnan Nair , Vishal M Patel

Recent advancements in diffusion models have made fine-tuning text-to-image models for personalization increasingly accessible, but have also raised significant concerns regarding unauthorized data usage and privacy infringement. Current…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Hojun Lee , Mijin Koo , Yeji Song , Nojun Kwak

Diffusion models have emerged as effective distribution estimators in vision, language, and reinforcement learning, but their use as priors in downstream tasks poses an intractable posterior inference problem. This paper studies amortized…

We propose Reference-Based Modulation (RB-Modulation), a new plug-and-play solution for training-free personalization of diffusion models. Existing training-free approaches exhibit difficulties in (a) style extraction from reference images…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Litu Rout , Yujia Chen , Nataniel Ruiz , Abhishek Kumar , Constantine Caramanis , Sanjay Shakkottai , Wen-Sheng Chu

Blind face restoration methods have shown remarkable performance, particularly when trained on large-scale synthetic datasets with supervised learning. These datasets are often generated by simulating low-quality face images with a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Tianshu Kuai , Sina Honari , Igor Gilitschenski , Alex Levinshtein
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