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Bayesian Optimisation (BO) is a state-of-the-art global optimisation technique for black-box problems where derivative information is unavailable, and sample efficiency is crucial. However, improving the general scalability of BO has proved…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-12-13 Luo Long , Coralia Cartis , Paz Fink Shustin

In robotics, deep learning (DL) methods are used more and more widely, but their general inability to provide reliable confidence estimates will ultimately lead to fragile and unreliable systems. This impedes the potential deployments of DL…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-11-02 Matthias Humt , Jongseok Lee , Rudolph Triebel

We consider the problem of optimizing combinatorial spaces (e.g., sequences, trees, and graphs) using expensive black-box function evaluations. For example, optimizing molecules for drug design using physical lab experiments. Bayesian…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-07 Aryan Deshwal , Janardhan Rao Doppa

State-of-the-art large multi-modal models (LMMs) face challenges when processing high-resolution images, as these inputs are converted into enormous visual tokens, many of which are irrelevant to the downstream task. In this paper, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Xinyu Huang , Yuhao Dong , Weiwei Tian , Bo Li , Rui Feng , Ziwei Liu

Optimizing black-box functions is a fundamental problem in science and engineering. To solve this problem, many approaches learn a surrogate function that estimates the underlying objective from limited historical evaluations. Large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Tung Nguyen , Aditya Grover

Reinforcement learning (RL) provides a principled framework for decision-making in partially observable environments, which can be modeled as Markov decision processes and compactly represented through dynamic decision Bayesian networks.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-25 Gilberto Cunha , Alexandra Ramôa , André Sequeira , Michael de Oliveira , Luís Barbosa

Distributional shifts pose a significant challenge to achieving robustness in contemporary machine learning. To overcome this challenge, robust satisficing (RS) seeks a robust solution to an unspecified distributional shift while achieving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-17 Artun Saday , Yaşar Cahit Yıldırım , Cem Tekin

Bayesian Optimization (BO) is widely used for optimising black-box functions but requires us to specify the length scale hyperparameter, which defines the smoothness of the functions the optimizer will consider. Most current BO algorithms…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-11-26 Juliusz Ziomek , Masaki Adachi , Michael A. Osborne

In this paper, we introduce a novel approach for addressing the multi-objective optimization problem in large language model merging via black-box multi-objective optimization algorithms. The goal of model merging is to combine multiple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Bingdong Li , Zixiang Di , Yanting Yang , Hong Qian , Peng Yang , Hao Hao , Ke Tang , Aimin Zhou

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) Algorithms are often designed with environments such as MuJoCo in mind, in which the planning horizon is extremely long and no noise exists. We compare model-free, model-based, as well as hybrid offline…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-17 Phillip Swazinna , Steffen Udluft , Daniel Hein , Thomas Runkler

Bayesian optimization (BO) is a popular paradigm for global optimization of expensive black-box functions, but there are many domains where the function is not completely a black-box. The data may have some known structure (e.g. symmetries)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-08 Samuel Kim , Peter Y. Lu , Charlotte Loh , Jamie Smith , Jasper Snoek , Marin Soljačić

To relieve intensive human-expertise required to design optimization algorithms, recent Meta-Black-Box Optimization (MetaBBO) researches leverage generalization strength of meta-learning to train neural network-based algorithm design…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Chen Wang , Yue-Jiao Gong , Zhiguang Cao , Zeyuan Ma

Markov Decision Problems (MDPs) provide a foundational framework for modelling sequential decision-making across diverse domains, guided by optimality criteria such as discounted and average rewards. However, these criteria have inherent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Dibyangshu Mukherjee , Shivaram Kalyanakrishnan

Modern commercial antivirus systems increasingly rely on machine learning to keep up with the rampant inflation of new malware. However, it is well-known that machine learning models are vulnerable to adversarial examples (AEs). Previous…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-05-03 Wei Song , Xuezixiang Li , Sadia Afroz , Deepali Garg , Dmitry Kuznetsov , Heng Yin

Learning robot controllers by minimizing a black-box objective cost using Bayesian optimization (BO) can be time-consuming and challenging. It is very often the case that some roll-outs result in failure behaviors, causing premature…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-11 Alonso Marco , Dominik Baumann , Philipp Hennig , Sebastian Trimpe

Bayesian optimization is a broadly applied methodology to optimize the expensive black-box function. Despite its success, it still faces the challenge from the high-dimensional search space. To alleviate this problem, we propose a novel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Jingfan Chen , Guanghui Zhu , Chunfeng Yuan , Yihua Huang

Recently, neural networks trained as optimizers under the "learning to learn" or meta-learning framework have been shown to be effective for a broad range of optimization tasks including derivative-free black-box function optimization.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-03 Vishnu TV , Pankaj Malhotra , Jyoti Narwariya , Lovekesh Vig , Gautam Shroff

Prompt tuning recently becomes a hot-spot in the applications of large pretrained language models on specific downstream tasks. Regarding the Language Model as a Service (LMaaS), black-box tuning using derivative-free optimization (DFO)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-21 Jiang-Long Song , Wu-He Zou , Feng Li , Xiao-Lei Qin , Wei-Dong Zhang

The Bin Packing Problem (BPP) has attracted enthusiastic research interest recently, owing to widespread applications in logistics and warehousing environments. It is truly essential to optimize the bin packing to enable more objects to be…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Baoying Wang , Huixu Dong

In recent years, machine learning (ML) has become a key enabling technology for the sciences and industry. Especially through improvements in methodology, the availability of large databases and increased computational power, today's ML…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-09-27 Wojciech Samek , Klaus-Robert Müller